Asparagus cultivation requires a careful and structured approach, especially when it comes to establishing strong root systems. Typically, asparagus roots are planted and nurtured over a period of 1 to 3 years before they can be harvested. It's best to use early-maturing, multi-stem green varieties for optimal results.
First, growing strong seedlings is crucial. There are two main methods: greenhouse propagation and direct seeding. In the greenhouse, seeds are sown in January in a solar greenhouse with nutrient-rich soil, about 8 cm deep. Each seed is placed in its own spot. After three months, the seedlings reach around 30 cm in height and develop five small stems. When the root has grown to about 10 cm, it’s ready for transplanting. Alternatively, direct seeding can be done in mid-March, with seeds spaced 60-80 cm apart in rows. Two seeds per hole are sown, covered with 2-3 cm of soil. Once the seedlings emerge, it's important to manage the temperature to prevent overheating. By late April, the seedlings should be moved out to encourage faster growth.
Transplanting occurs in late April, where the seedlings are placed into the field with the same spacing as direct-seeded plants. The planting depth should be 6-8 cm. Field management involves four key areas: weeding, fertilizing, soil mounding, and crop rotation. Early on, frequent tilling and less watering help warm the soil and promote growth. Throughout the season, weeds must be removed promptly to avoid competition. Fertilization should be done in small amounts regularly, with nitrogen and potassium supplements applied as needed. Before and after autumn, 50 kg of NPK fertilizer per mu is recommended. Water and fertilizer should be reduced after September to encourage root storage.
Soil mounding helps increase stem thickness. In early June, the soil around the roots is raised by 3-5 cm in height and 10-15 cm in width. This process is repeated during the fertilizer application phase. Crop rotation is also important. In early November, healthy roots with large buds are dug up and stored in cool, dry places. Other crops can be planted in the asparagus field during this time.
For false plant (root) cultivation, proper soil preparation is essential. 500 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied per acre and mixed deeply into the soil. About 10,000–12,000 root strains are planted per 333 square meters, with 120 cm between rows and 40 cm between ridges. These ridges serve as pathways for harvesting.
After the autumn frost, the roots are carefully excavated when the stems turn yellow. Roots must be at least 25 cm long and handled gently to avoid damage. They are stored at 0°C–5°C for at least 15 days to induce dormancy. Before replanting, the roots are soaked in gibberellin or sprayed to break dormancy and promote sprouting. A disinfectant solution is used to prevent root rot.
Planting takes place by November 20. A section of the greenhouse is left open, and the roots are planted in 30 cm deep trenches. A layer of cow dung is added, followed by 1 cm of soil. Roots are placed closely together, facing upward, and filled with fine soil. Water is applied sparingly to avoid lowering the ground temperature. Finally, 6–8 cm of soil covers the roots. The same process is repeated 40 cm away. The greenhouse is then sealed, and close monitoring ensures the successful emergence of shoots.
Post-planting care focuses on temperature and humidity control. Solar greenhouses should have thermometers to monitor conditions. During the initial phase, temperatures should remain above 25°C during the day and 8°C at night. Ventilation is needed if temperatures exceed 25°C. On sunny days, coverings are removed in the morning and replaced in the afternoon. If cloudy or snowy weather persists, temporary heating may be required.
Humidity should be kept around 85%. Watering is done lightly when the topsoil dries. Harvesting begins once the shoots reach 25–27 cm in length. Weak or deformed stems should be removed to conserve nutrients. The tip should not be loose, and the lower part should retain about 1 cm of purple or white stem.
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