Asparagus cultivation requires careful planning and attention to detail, especially when it comes to growing strong root systems. Typically, the process takes 1 to 3 years from planting the roots, and it is best to use early-maturing, multi-stem green asparagus varieties for optimal results. The first step is to grow strong seedlings, which can be done in two ways: greenhouse propagation or direct sowing.
In the greenhouse method, seeds are planted in January in a solar greenhouse using nutrient-rich soil with a depth of 8 cm. Each seed is placed in the center of its own small plot. After about three months, the seedlings should reach around 30 cm in height with five small stems. When the root reaches a length of 10 cm, it’s ready for transplanting. Alternatively, direct sowing can be done in March in Daejeon, where seeds are planted at 60-80 cm spacing, with two seeds per hole and a 2-3 cm layer of soil on top. Once the seedlings emerge, it's important to manage the temperature carefully to avoid overheating. By late April, the seedlings should be moved outdoors to encourage faster growth.
Once the seedlings are ready, they are transplanted into the field in late April, maintaining the same row and plant spacing as used during direct sowing. The seedlings should be planted 6-8 cm deep. Field management involves four key areas: weeding, fertilizing, soil mounding, and crop rotation. Early on, frequent tilling and limited watering help raise soil temperature and promote growth. Throughout the season, weeds must be removed promptly to prevent competition for nutrients. Fertilization should be done in small amounts regularly, with nitrogen and potassium supplements applied after mid-May. In autumn, 50 kg of NPK fertilizer per mu is recommended, followed by an additional watering. From late September onward, water and fertilizer should be reduced to encourage root development rather than new shoots.
Soil mounding is another essential practice. Around June, the soil around the roots is raised to a height of 3-5 cm and a width of 10-15 cm. This helps stimulate the growth of scale buds on the underground stems. Crop rotation is also important—each year, strong, healthy roots with large scale buds are harvested and stored in a cool, low-temperature environment, allowing other crops to be grown in the asparagus field.
For false plant (asparagus root) cultivation, proper soil preparation is crucial. Before planting, 500 kg of bio-organic fertilizer should be mixed into the soil to a depth of 30 cm. Approximately 10,000 to 12,000 root strains are planted per 333 square meters, with rows spaced 120 cm apart and 8 rows per section. Raised beds are created between the rows, 40 cm wide and 15 cm high, to aid in harvesting.
Root excavation occurs after the first frost when the stems turn yellow. Roots must be dug up before freezing, ensuring they are at least 25 cm long. Care must be taken not to damage the roots during this process. If mechanical digging is used, a ditch is made on one side of the plants, and the roots are carefully extracted. After cleaning, the roots are stored at 0–5°C for at least 15 days to induce dormancy.
Before replanting, the roots are soaked in gibberellin solution (3010-6 to 5010-6) to break dormancy and promote sprouting. A disinfectant solution of sodium sulfide diluted 150-200 times is also used to prevent root rot. Planting should be completed by November 20. In the greenhouse, a 40 cm space is left at one end, and the roots are planted 30 cm deep and 80 cm wide. A layer of cow dung is placed at the bottom, covered with 1 cm of soil, and the roots are arranged closely with their scale buds facing upward. Fine soil is used to fill gaps, and a small amount of water is added to settle the roots without overwatering. Finally, the roots are covered with 6–8 cm of soil.
After planting, the greenhouse is immediately closed, and strict management is maintained to ensure the timely emergence of shoots. Temperature and humidity control are critical in post-transplant management. Solar greenhouses should have dry and wet bulb thermometers and soil thermometers to monitor conditions. During the initial phase, daytime temperatures should be kept above 25°C, and nighttime soil temperatures above 8°C. Once shoots appear, ventilation is needed if temperatures exceed 25°C. At night, covers are used to maintain warmth, and on cloudy or snowy days, temporary heating may be required.
Humidity inside the greenhouse should be maintained at around 85%. Watering is done only when the topsoil is dry, using light sprinkling methods. Harvesting begins once the shoots reach 25–27 cm in length. Weak or deformed stems should be removed to conserve energy, and the harvest should occur before the tip becomes loose. The lower part of the stem should retain about 1 cm of purple or white color, ensuring quality and marketability.
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