Lettuce stalk cracking is a major issue that significantly impacts the quality of lettuce, often leading to substantial economic losses for farmers. Many growers struggle to prevent this problem, which can result in reduced marketability and lower profits. To help improve lettuce quality and minimize losses, it's important to understand the causes of stem cracking and implement effective prevention strategies.
Stem cracking typically occurs during the harvest period and is influenced by several factors. One of the main causes is improper water and nutrient management. If water supply is inconsistent or if there's a sudden drought, especially when the fleshy stems are maturing, the outer layer may become lignified and unable to expand as the stem grows. This can lead to splitting. Additionally, temperature fluctuations—such as sudden shifts between hot and cold conditions—can also contribute to stem cracking.
Another factor is a deficiency in boron. A lack of boron can reduce vitamin C content in the plant, weakening its overall resistance and making it more susceptible to damage. To address this, farmers can apply a foliar spray of polyboron at a 1500x dilution. It’s crucial to ensure timely watering and fertilization; too early or too late application can negatively affect stem development.
Once watering begins, the growth of the fleshy stem accelerates. Therefore, it's important to maintain consistent moisture levels without overwatering. The soil should be kept slightly moist, and flooding must be avoided. After the ground becomes loose, farmers can perform shallow soil loosening, combine it with watering, and apply 1–2 top dressings. Spraying polyboron once at 1500x concentration can further help prevent cracking.
Finally, timely harvesting is essential. The best time to harvest is when the tip of the main stem is level with the tip of the tallest leaf. At this stage, the fleshy stem has fully developed, resulting in a crisp texture and a lower risk of cracking. By following these practices, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence of cracked stems and improve the overall quality of their lettuce crops.
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