Cuttings should be selected from healthy, vigorous parent plants with no signs of pests or disease. Avoid using old or aging plants for propagation. On the same plant, choose cuttings from the middle to upper parts of the branches, ensuring they are well-exposed to sunlight. The internodes should be short, the buds full, and the stems thick and sturdy. For most plants, the lower to middle sections of a branch are ideal for hardwood cuttings because they contain more stored nutrients. However, for coniferous trees like cypress or cedar, the tip is often preferred, as it can produce straight, attractive growth when rooted. Similarly, for plants like chrysanthemums, soft, tender tips are best used for cuttings.
Once the cuttings are taken, it's important to treat them promptly, especially for leafy plants, to prevent wilting and ensure successful rooting. In late fall, certain plants such as roses, hibiscus, and lycopodium may not be suitable for immediate planting. Instead, they can be bundled in moist sand, placed in pots, and kept in a cool indoor environment (between 0–5°C) during winter. Keep the sand slightly damp and wait until spring to proceed with cutting. Some plants, like roses, can also be cut in plastic greenhouses during winter. Cactus and succulent cuttings should be left in a dry, well-ventilated area for about a week to allow the cut ends to callus before planting, which helps prevent rot. Plants like begonias and oleander can be soaked in clean water after cutting and then directly planted into pots. For plants like roses and jasmine, dipping the base of the cuttings in Vitamin B1 solution for a minute or two allows the liquid to be absorbed, promoting faster root development. For moisture-rich plants such as hydrangeas and begonias, applying some ash around the cut end can help prevent rot after planting.
Choosing the right growing medium is essential for successful propagation. Besides water, cuttings must be planted in a suitable substrate. Common options include garden soil, potting mix, yellow clay, orchid mix, ash, slag, and river sand. These materials should provide good drainage, moderate water retention, and easy warming. For most flowering plants, garden soil or potting mix works well. Acid-loving plants like rhododendrons or azaleas benefit from yellow clay or orchid mix. For difficult-to-root species, use ash, slag, or river sand as the medium.
After planting, proper care is crucial to encourage root formation. Cuttings need consistent moisture and good air circulation. Cover the pot or container with glass or plastic film to create a humid microclimate, and place a small brick under the cover to allow airflow. During summer and early autumn, position the cuttings in the shade during the day and in open areas at night. In early spring or late autumn, when temperatures are low, move them to a warm location or greenhouse. Monitor temperature and humidity regularly, and gradually increase light exposure as the cuttings establish roots. With proper care, your cuttings will develop into strong, healthy plants.
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