First, select healthy parent plants for cuttings. The mother plant should be of good variety, vigorous, and free from pests or diseases. Avoid using old or aging plants as they may not produce strong cuttings. From the same plant, choose the middle to upper parts of the branches—prefer those that have been well-exposed to sunlight, with short internodes, plump buds, and thick leaves. On a single branch, the lower to middle sections are ideal for hard-wood cuttings because they contain more nutrients. However, for coniferous trees like cypress or cedar, the tip is preferred, as it produces straighter growth and a more attractive shape. For plants like chrysanthemums, the tender top is usually used for propagation.
Second, proper cutting treatment is essential. Cuttings should be taken and treated immediately, especially for leafy varieties, to prevent wilting and ensure successful rooting. In late autumn, some plants such as roses, hibiscus, and lycopodium cannot be planted right away. Instead, they can be cut, bundled with moist sand in pots, and stored indoors at temperatures between 0°C and 5°C. Keep the sand slightly damp during winter and wait until spring to plant them again. In winter, you can also take cuttings in a greenhouse. For cactus and succulent plants, after cutting, allow the cut ends to dry in a well-ventilated area for about a week, until the cut surface slightly shrinks before planting, to avoid rot. For begonias and oleander, soaking the cuttings in clean water after cutting and then planting directly into pots can help stimulate root growth. For roses and jasmine, dipping the bottom of the cuttings in Vitamin B solution for a minute or two allows the liquid to be absorbed, which can promote rooting. For moisture-rich plants like hydrangea and begonia, sprinkling some ash around the cut ends helps prevent rot.
Third, choose an appropriate cutting medium. Besides water, cuttings need to be placed in a suitable growing medium. Common options include garden soil, potting mix, yellow mud, orchid mix, ash, slag, river sand, and more. The ideal medium should have good drainage, retain some moisture, warm up quickly, and provide good insulation. For most flowering plants, garden soil or potting mix works well. Acid-loving plants like rhododendrons do better in yellow mud or orchid mix. For difficult-to-root plants or trees, use ash, slag, or river sand as the medium.
Fourth, manage the cuttings properly after planting. After inserting the cuttings, maintain good conditions to encourage rooting. Most flower cuttings require consistent moisture and good air circulation. You can cover the pot or container with glass or plastic film to create a humid environment, but make sure there's a small stone underneath the cover to allow air flow. During summer and early autumn, place the cuttings in the shade during the day and in open areas at night. In early spring and late autumn, when temperatures are low, keep them in a warm place or greenhouse. Always monitor temperature and humidity levels closely. Gradually increase light exposure as the cuttings begin to root.
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