The origin of Japanese abalone is Japan and South Korea, which are distributed in the intertidal zone from 0 to 20 meters. It is a new species of industrialized artificial breeding of alternative abalone in Fujian and Guangdong. The characteristics of Japanese abalone: ​​The shell is long oval, with a maximum shell length of about 200 mm. The shell is greenish black with a high spiral. The ribs are flat, rough and uniform with radial ribs. The breathing hole is cone-shaped with 4 to 5 openings in the front. The inner lip of the shell mouth is wide and extends from the back to the shell mouth at 3/4. The pearls in the shell are slightly greenish, and the ribs on the right side of the shell are clearly oval.
Since 1999, variegated abalone breeding has suffered from epidemic "cold water-borne virus" attacks and suffered heavy losses. In 2000, we introduced the Japanese plateau abalone for many years of exploration and cultivation, and obtained a successful breeding technique. In the nursery production at the end of 2003, a total of 3 million seedlings of 2 cm or more were cultivated on the 819 m2 nursery area. The actual production experience is summarized below.
I. Pro-Bao Cultivating Parents in the country of origin. Choose a disease-free and injury-free body with a length of 8 cm or more and an age of 24 to 36 months. The male-to-male ratio is 10:1. 4 to 6 capsules per cage, adjust the appropriate amount of water flow and aeration, 3 to 4 days feeding fresh leeks or kelp once, and flush the pool. The operation speed is fast, and the time of leaving the water is reduced as much as possible to facilitate the development of pro-Bauer's gonads. Pro-Borrow cultivation process can not prevent the use of antibiotics, should use povidone iodine or sodium hypochlorite.
Second, nursery method
1. With seedlings plate algae cultivation with seedling board polyethylene film (thickness of 0.3 ~ 0.4 mm), specifications 80 cm 80 cm. In the 3m 7m nursery pond, 600 membranes were placed, 100g/m 3 sodium hypochlorite was used for disinfection, and then the water was replaced once, and then the well-developed benthic diatom algae (oval-shaped algae, diamond-shaped algae) were connected. And mainly nave-shaped algae). Fertilize once a day (20 g/m3 of sodium nitrate, 2 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate/m3, 2 g/m3 of sodium silicate) once. Drain the water and filter the water inlet with a 300-mesh sieve. After 3 to 5 days of algae cultivation, the algal film can be seen with the naked eye a light layer of light brown algae, can be sampled as a well-grown benthic diatom, at this time can be replaced with water for fertilized eggs.
2. Pro-Boo selection of intensively cultivated species of gonads maturation, at this time can be selected robust without deformity, full horns, gonads fully wrapped liver surface to the heart cavity, the female was dark green or black, male milky yellow The pro-Bao.
3. Oxygen Production Method Male and female progenitors were separated by a ratio of 10:1, dried for 3 hours in the shade, run for 1 hour, and stimulated with ultraviolet rays (500-1000 mW/h) for 1.5 hours each time. , and then use fresh seawater for spawning and rowing.
4. Artificial insemination The eggs produced within one hour were collected, filtered with a 60-mesh screen to remove impurities, placed in a water tank, and artificially inseminated with semen discharged within one hour at a certain concentration ratio (microscopic examination after 20 minutes. 10 sperm around the egg is better). Wash the eggs 20 minutes later, and then incubate, float, and adhere at a density of 400,000 grains/m3 in a prepared nursery pond. During the incubation process, the amount of aeration must be small.
5. After incubation, the larvae of the culturing larvae begin to trace the flow of water 7 days after hatching, adjust the amount of aeration, adjust the amount of water and light to control the proliferation of benthic diatoms, and regularly change the water 20 to 30 centimeters per day to observe the attachment and growth of seedlings. Happening. Late benthic diatoms are not enough for seedling feeding. They should be inoculated and fertilized in time to ensure that the young abalone is kept to a shell length of 0.5 cm or more.
Third, the cultivation of childbearing abalone
1. Preparation of a four-foot brick The four-foot brick is a 25 cm 25 cm smooth cement brick with a brick foot height of 3 cm. Four-foot bricks are arranged neatly and flatly at the bottom of the pool. 5 to 7 days in advance of water propagation of benthic diatoms.
2. Stripping off of the young abalone The young abalone attached to the film was manually peeled off from the pool to a density of 3500 to 4000 grains/m2.
3. Daily management Every evening, feed with food (feeding amount is 1% to 5% of the weight of the seedlings) or chopped fresh glutinous rice (feeding amount is 5% to 55% of the weight of the seedlings). Observe the growth and feeding conditions of the young abalone and weather changes, and adjust the amount of bait and the type of bait. Clear the pool once every two days and rinse the bait and excrement.
Disease Prevention and Control At present, fewer diseases occur in this species, and the main attention is to regularly (every 10 to 15 days) use sodium hypochlorite 2 to 3 g/m3 or povidone iodine 1 g/m3 for disinfection. In the bud, the right medicine is prescribed to improve the survival rate.
Author: Chaoyang District, Shantou City, Guangdong Ocean Industrial Co., Ltd. Shantou Aquatic Technology Extension Center Station
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