Astragalus is a benthic fish that has strong adaptability, is more tolerant to hypoxia, and inhabits in the bottom soil of rice fields, ponds, ditches, and lakes. It breeds during the night and feeds at night. The suitable water temperature is between 15°C and 28°C. When the water temperature is below 10°C or above 30°C, stop feeding and sneak into caves for winter or summer. Astragalus membranaceus mainly eats fresh aquatic terrestrial insects and larvae in natural waters, and also eats oysters, frogs, small fish, shrimps and shellfish, and eats some plant feeds such as duckweed and vegetable crumbs; Artificial feed or pellet feed. The ecliptic gluttony eats, and when the summer activities are frequent, the amount of eclipse is about 1/7 of the body weight. Astragalus is resistant to hunger. When there is a lack of food, the yellow cockroach will be the same type of residue. Huangqi meat is delicious and nutritious. It is a kind of high-protein tonic. Currently, the market is promising and in short supply. Now the key technologies of artificial breeding of Astragalus are summarized as follows:
1. There are two major sources of artificial breeding of Astragalus seedlings, namely artificial propagation and collection of wild, regardless of the source, the type of seed should be selected first, and then the quality should be identified.
1.1 Types of discrimination: The type of seedlings differing from Astragalus membranaceus mainly depends on the body color spots. The high-quality seedlings have a yellow or slightly golden yellowish carcass, and there are larger dark brown spots. The growth rate is fast, the gain multiple can reach 5-6 times, the yield and benefit are higher; the medium-sized seedlings are blue-yellow, the mites are small, the growth rate is normal, the weight gain can reach 3 to 4 times, suitable for ordinary thick Breeding; poor quality seedlings, gray or grayish gray carcasses, not very obvious spots, slow growth, weight gain is only 1 to 2 times, and its yield and efficiency is lower, not artificial breeding.
1.2 The pros and cons of identification: to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the seedlings of astragalus to carry out two look: a look at the capture method; where cages and net catching the seed can be purchased; where hook fishing, electric capture, drug virus seed can not be collected. Second, see water activity; swimming freely, the body surface is bright, no red blood spots, moderate mucus, hand catch powerful for healthy seed; otherwise, swimming slow, dull, red blood spots, mucus off, hands Catching power, mostly weak or sick.
2. Disinfection of Dianchi Lake: The seedlings should be disinfected before clearing in the Qingchi Lake before stocking. Lime 180-225g per cubic meter of water can be used. After 7-8 days, seedlings can be placed; seedlings should be disinfected before stocking, with 3%-4% Salt water soaked for 5 to 10 minutes (low temperature for a long time, high temperature for a short time), soaked with water after washing into the pool feeding.
3, water quality Huang Xixi living in more clean water, pH 7.6 ~ 8.5, the bottom of the pool should have a certain layer of silt, to static water or microfluidic water as well, the pool appropriate to plant some aquatic plants, every 3 to 5 days Change the water one time, change the water temperature every 2 days in summer, change the water every time 1/3～1/2, change the water without microfluidic, the flow rate is controlled within 0.2m/second, the temperature difference between inlet water and pool water must not exceed 3°C. Astragalus has strict water quality requirements, and any acidic soil, fertilizer, or corrupt water quality should not be cultured. Astragalus is not easy to get sick in natural waters. For example, if the water quality is acidic and over-fertilized, it will easily lead to disease and even cause a large number of deaths.
4, tame food Astragalus on the selectivity of the food is more stringent, once a long-term feeding of a bait is difficult to change. Therefore, in the early period of raising, we must do a good job of domesticating food in a short period of time. The first tame, that is, feeding the mixed bait, the bait, maggot, wheat bran, rice, and vegetable cuttings were added to the main bait. The seedlings began to feed on the 3rd day after entering the pond. The feeding amount on the first day of the tame diet was 1% to 2% of the stocking weight, and the diet was increased or decreased in the second to third days according to the feeding conditions; if the food intake was normal, press it day by day. About 1% increase until the mixed bait completely replaces the original bait and reaches normal feeding. (The first tame is the seed transitional bait). The second tame, that is, artificial feed or pellet feed. Feeding 20% ​​on the first day, if the food is normal, then 20% of the amount of feed should be gradually increased on a daily basis. After 5 days, all the raw food can be replaced. (The second tame is a juvenile, adult broad-spectrum bait.)
5, disease prevention jaundice in the artificial high-density intensive cultivation of common diseases are:
5.1 symptoms of enteritis: mainly look at the color of the anus, the anus is gray is normal; the anus is pink, red, purple, valgus, and disease; sometimes hemorrhoids, lift the tail, mouth bleeding, performance of antifeedant, is bacterial Infection, short duration, high mortality, prevention and treatment: 1 per cubic meter of water with lime 20 ~ 25g, Quanchiposa, once a day, for 7 days; 2 oral 10ml of water 20ml or thiamine 10g or nitrofurazone 20g; 3 Every 100kg of Astragalus was fed with chloramphenicol 20g for 3 days.
5.2 Hemorrhagic Disease Symptoms: The body surface is punctate, lumpy, or diffusely congested. The abdomen and the larynx are more pronounced. Sometimes the mouth is bleeding, the rot is rot, the incidence is fast, and the mortality rate is high. Prevention and control: 1 improve water quality and sanitation conditions; 2 per cubic meter of water with furazolidone 0.2 ~ 0.25g, Quanchiposa; 3 with 0.25 units per milliliter of chlortetracycline dipping body.
5.3 Sacrifice Symptoms: Hydromycosis mycelia mainly parasitizes wounds on the surface of Scutellaria baicalensis and spreads as white flocculant. The pathogens are mostly fungal Myxococcus. Prevention: Malachite green 0.2g or methyl blue 3g or 0.05% sodium salt and baking soda 0.05% mixture per cubic meter, every 3 days, 3 times in a row.
5.4 Capillary nematode symptoms: This parasite is mainly parasitized in the back part of the intestine. The body of the insect is milky white and the disease is gradually reduced. Prevention: Oral 1kg Astragalus use 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.04 ~ 0.1g; or use 90% crystal trichlorfon 2.5g mixed 1kg tincture, for 3 consecutive days, of which the second day per cubic meter of water sprinkling 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.2g.
5.5 Symptoms of fever: At high densities, the rate of mucus secretion by Astragalus is higher, and waste mucus cannot be removed in time. Fermentation releases high fever, resulting in a sudden increase in water temperature, resulting in increased body temperature of Astragalus membranaceus. Mucus fell off, causing a large number of deaths. Prevention and control: 1 exchange of new water; 2 per cubic meter of water with 0.07% copper sulfate aqueous solution 5g, Quanchiposa; 3 increase a small amount of muddy to increase the ability of living water clearing.
6, note:
6.1, artificial breeding Astragalus technology content is higher, Astragalus on the water quality requirements are very harsh; therefore, all localities should be adapted to local conditions, can not blindly develop.
6.2, artificial breeding Astragalus should be adapted to local conditions. Where conditions permit, scientific and technological strength is sufficient, and mass production can be carried out on a large scale. It is advisable for rural specialized households to adopt a mode of rolling development on a small scale or to raise fertilizer temporarily. The economic benefits are also good.
6.3. The artificial breeding of Astragalus membranaceus uses the principle of ecology to manage, and in particular, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of some aquatic plants with strong dirt absorption, such as water peanuts, water hyacinth, etc., so that it can hide inhabitation of A. sibiricum, cool down by heatstroke, and improve water quality. Four can purify the water body.
6.4, artificial breeding of Astragalus control disease must be the main prevention. 1 Reduced lysozyme. The lysozyme in the surface mucus of Scutellaria baicalensis has strong bactericidal capacity, but in the artificial scale breeding, due to transport injuries, high density, deterioration of water quality, varying water temperature and other factors lead to decreased lysozyme, decreased activity, pathogen invasion and incidence . 2 The disease was found late. Astragalus prefers to live in silt, and it is not easy to discover when it becomes ill. Once discovered, the disease has spread and the best treatment period has passed. 3 taste allergies. Huang Xian's taste sensitivity is sensitive to odorless, bitter, and irritating baits that refuse to swallow; therefore, the effect of drug treatment is not obvious.
6.5, artificial breeding Astragalus to the specifications of neat, size separate, generally 20 per kilogram is appropriate (because each 50g seed survival rate is high, rapid weight gain, high yield), stocking density of 1 ~ 2kg per square meter.
1. There are two major sources of artificial breeding of Astragalus seedlings, namely artificial propagation and collection of wild, regardless of the source, the type of seed should be selected first, and then the quality should be identified.
1.1 Types of discrimination: The type of seedlings differing from Astragalus membranaceus mainly depends on the body color spots. The high-quality seedlings have a yellow or slightly golden yellowish carcass, and there are larger dark brown spots. The growth rate is fast, the gain multiple can reach 5-6 times, the yield and benefit are higher; the medium-sized seedlings are blue-yellow, the mites are small, the growth rate is normal, the weight gain can reach 3 to 4 times, suitable for ordinary thick Breeding; poor quality seedlings, gray or grayish gray carcasses, not very obvious spots, slow growth, weight gain is only 1 to 2 times, and its yield and efficiency is lower, not artificial breeding.
1.2 The pros and cons of identification: to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the seedlings of astragalus to carry out two look: a look at the capture method; where cages and net catching the seed can be purchased; where hook fishing, electric capture, drug virus seed can not be collected. Second, see water activity; swimming freely, the body surface is bright, no red blood spots, moderate mucus, hand catch powerful for healthy seed; otherwise, swimming slow, dull, red blood spots, mucus off, hands Catching power, mostly weak or sick.
2. Disinfection of Dianchi Lake: The seedlings should be disinfected before clearing in the Qingchi Lake before stocking. Lime 180-225g per cubic meter of water can be used. After 7-8 days, seedlings can be placed; seedlings should be disinfected before stocking, with 3%-4% Salt water soaked for 5 to 10 minutes (low temperature for a long time, high temperature for a short time), soaked with water after washing into the pool feeding.
3, water quality Huang Xixi living in more clean water, pH 7.6 ~ 8.5, the bottom of the pool should have a certain layer of silt, to static water or microfluidic water as well, the pool appropriate to plant some aquatic plants, every 3 to 5 days Change the water one time, change the water temperature every 2 days in summer, change the water every time 1/3～1/2, change the water without microfluidic, the flow rate is controlled within 0.2m/second, the temperature difference between inlet water and pool water must not exceed 3°C. Astragalus has strict water quality requirements, and any acidic soil, fertilizer, or corrupt water quality should not be cultured. Astragalus is not easy to get sick in natural waters. For example, if the water quality is acidic and over-fertilized, it will easily lead to disease and even cause a large number of deaths.
4, tame food Astragalus on the selectivity of the food is more stringent, once a long-term feeding of a bait is difficult to change. Therefore, in the early period of raising, we must do a good job of domesticating food in a short period of time. The first tame, that is, feeding the mixed bait, the bait, maggot, wheat bran, rice, and vegetable cuttings were added to the main bait. The seedlings began to feed on the 3rd day after entering the pond. The feeding amount on the first day of the tame diet was 1% to 2% of the stocking weight, and the diet was increased or decreased in the second to third days according to the feeding conditions; if the food intake was normal, press it day by day. About 1% increase until the mixed bait completely replaces the original bait and reaches normal feeding. (The first tame is the seed transitional bait). The second tame, that is, artificial feed or pellet feed. Feeding 20% ​​on the first day, if the food is normal, then 20% of the amount of feed should be gradually increased on a daily basis. After 5 days, all the raw food can be replaced. (The second tame is a juvenile, adult broad-spectrum bait.)
5, disease prevention jaundice in the artificial high-density intensive cultivation of common diseases are:
5.1 symptoms of enteritis: mainly look at the color of the anus, the anus is gray is normal; the anus is pink, red, purple, valgus, and disease; sometimes hemorrhoids, lift the tail, mouth bleeding, performance of antifeedant, is bacterial Infection, short duration, high mortality, prevention and treatment: 1 per cubic meter of water with lime 20 ~ 25g, Quanchiposa, once a day, for 7 days; 2 oral 10ml of water 20ml or thiamine 10g or nitrofurazone 20g; 3 Every 100kg of Astragalus was fed with chloramphenicol 20g for 3 days.
5.2 Hemorrhagic Disease Symptoms: The body surface is punctate, lumpy, or diffusely congested. The abdomen and the larynx are more pronounced. Sometimes the mouth is bleeding, the rot is rot, the incidence is fast, and the mortality rate is high. Prevention and control: 1 improve water quality and sanitation conditions; 2 per cubic meter of water with furazolidone 0.2 ~ 0.25g, Quanchiposa; 3 with 0.25 units per milliliter of chlortetracycline dipping body.
5.3 Sacrifice Symptoms: Hydromycosis mycelia mainly parasitizes wounds on the surface of Scutellaria baicalensis and spreads as white flocculant. The pathogens are mostly fungal Myxococcus. Prevention: Malachite green 0.2g or methyl blue 3g or 0.05% sodium salt and baking soda 0.05% mixture per cubic meter, every 3 days, 3 times in a row.
5.4 Capillary nematode symptoms: This parasite is mainly parasitized in the back part of the intestine. The body of the insect is milky white and the disease is gradually reduced. Prevention: Oral 1kg Astragalus use 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.04 ~ 0.1g; or use 90% crystal trichlorfon 2.5g mixed 1kg tincture, for 3 consecutive days, of which the second day per cubic meter of water sprinkling 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.2g.
5.5 Symptoms of fever: At high densities, the rate of mucus secretion by Astragalus is higher, and waste mucus cannot be removed in time. Fermentation releases high fever, resulting in a sudden increase in water temperature, resulting in increased body temperature of Astragalus membranaceus. Mucus fell off, causing a large number of deaths. Prevention and control: 1 exchange of new water; 2 per cubic meter of water with 0.07% copper sulfate aqueous solution 5g, Quanchiposa; 3 increase a small amount of muddy to increase the ability of living water clearing.
6, note:
6.1, artificial breeding Astragalus technology content is higher, Astragalus on the water quality requirements are very harsh; therefore, all localities should be adapted to local conditions, can not blindly develop.
6.2, artificial breeding Astragalus should be adapted to local conditions. Where conditions permit, scientific and technological strength is sufficient, and mass production can be carried out on a large scale. It is advisable for rural specialized households to adopt a mode of rolling development on a small scale or to raise fertilizer temporarily. The economic benefits are also good.
6.3. The artificial breeding of Astragalus membranaceus uses the principle of ecology to manage, and in particular, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of some aquatic plants with strong dirt absorption, such as water peanuts, water hyacinth, etc., so that it can hide inhabitation of A. sibiricum, cool down by heatstroke, and improve water quality. Four can purify the water body.
6.4, artificial breeding of Astragalus control disease must be the main prevention. 1 Reduced lysozyme. The lysozyme in the surface mucus of Scutellaria baicalensis has strong bactericidal capacity, but in the artificial scale breeding, due to transport injuries, high density, deterioration of water quality, varying water temperature and other factors lead to decreased lysozyme, decreased activity, pathogen invasion and incidence . 2 The disease was found late. Astragalus prefers to live in silt, and it is not easy to discover when it becomes ill. Once discovered, the disease has spread and the best treatment period has passed. 3 taste allergies. Huang Xian's taste sensitivity is sensitive to odorless, bitter, and irritating baits that refuse to swallow; therefore, the effect of drug treatment is not obvious.
6.5, artificial breeding Astragalus to the specifications of neat, size separate, generally 20 per kilogram is appropriate (because each 50g seed survival rate is high, rapid weight gain, high yield), stocking density of 1 ~ 2kg per square meter.
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