Broccoli, also known as "blue and white" in some regions, is a popular vegetable prized for its fragrant aroma, crisp texture, and tender consistency. It is widely consumed by the general public and is mainly exported to cities like Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Japan. To ensure high yields and quality, proper cultivation techniques must be followed throughout the growing process.
First, seedling preparation plays a crucial role in broccoli production. The seedbed should be carefully selected—preferably fertile, well-drained loamy soil that is free from pathogens. A 1.5-meter wide seedbed is ideal, with 2-3 kg of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer spread over every 20 square meters. After mixing the soil thoroughly, it is combined with 75% wettable powder of a fungicide (in a 1:20 ratio) to create a disinfected layer. This helps prevent root diseases such as root rot.
For sowing, the small arch nursery method is commonly used. Seeds are typically sown at the end of September to mid-October. Before planting, seeds are soaked in a 1000–1500 times diluted solution of carbendazim for about 15 minutes, then dried. They are evenly distributed on the prepared seedbed and covered with sterilized fine soil. A spray of Greenhenge No. 1 is applied afterward, and the seedbed is then covered with a small arch, approximately 70 cm high, and a thin plastic film to maintain moisture and warmth.
During the seedling stage, regular watering is essential. Once the seedlings emerge, it's important to monitor for damping-off disease and apply alternating sprays of chlorothalonil and DuPont products. Additionally, attention should be given to ground and underground pests, which can be managed through timely application of manure water or insecticides.
Second, field preparation is key to successful broccoli cultivation. The planting area should be cool, well-drained, and have good air circulation. Loamy soils are ideal, so fields with easy access to irrigation and drainage systems are preferred. After harvesting rice, the land should be properly drained and plowed to form small ridges. Trenches should be at least 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, and the soil should be finely tilled and leveled.
Before transplanting, a base fertilizer of 1000–1500 kg of organic compost and 40 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied and mixed into the soil. Seedlings with 3–4 leaves are ready for transplanting. Before moving them, they are dipped in a 1000–1500 times diluted solution of imported thiophanate-methyl to protect against clubroot disease. Transplanting is done in the late afternoon to avoid heat stress, using a spacing of 30 cm x 40 cm or 40 cm x 40 cm. Each bed should have 6–8 rows. After planting, sufficient water should be provided to help the roots establish.
Fertilization is an ongoing process. After the seedlings have settled, a diluted solution of root-stimulating agents is applied. At the 7–8 leaf stage, 20 kg of Mushi compound fertilizer is mixed with water and poured around the plants. During the bud stage, 15 kg of Mushi compound fertilizer is used along with irrigation, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed 2–3 times to prevent hollow flower buds. After the main head is harvested, additional fertilizer may be applied to encourage lateral bud growth.
Third, pest and disease management is critical. Common diseases include downy mildew, black rot, and clubroot. These can be controlled using products like DuPont Kocide, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate-methyl. For pests such as cabbage caterpillars, aphids, and diamondback moths, natural or chemical controls like BT emulsions, avermectin, and efford are effective.
Finally, timely harvesting ensures the best quality. Broccoli is ready for harvest when the flower head reaches about 13 cm in diameter. At this stage, the color is bright green, the texture is tender, and the flavor is at its peak, making it ideal for transport and sale.
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