First, because tree roots are widely distributed, and the fibrous roots are mainly responsible for absorbing water and nutrients, fertilization should be applied around the root zone rather than directly next to the trunk. This helps ensure that the nutrients are effectively taken up by the tree's root system.
Second, for large trees with extensive and deep root systems, such as pines, ginkgo, stinky cedar, and acacia, fertilization should be done deeper and over a wider area. In contrast, trees with shallow root systems, like fatong or amorphus fruticosa, require shallow application and a smaller coverage area to avoid damaging their roots.
Third, organic fertilizer must be fully composted and cooked before use. Raw manure should be avoided, as it can introduce harmful pathogens and may not release nutrients effectively. Additionally, all fertilizers should be ground into fine powder to ensure even distribution and better absorption by the roots.
Fourth, after applying fertilizer—especially top dressing—it is crucial to water thoroughly. This allows the nutrients to penetrate into the soil and reach the root zone, preventing nutrient loss and ensuring optimal uptake.
Fifth, fertilization should be carried out on sunny days when the soil is dry. During rainy weather, the roots absorb water more slowly, making it harder for the tree to take in nutrients. Moreover, rain can wash away the fertilizer, leading to wastage and environmental pollution.
Sixth, on sandy soils or sloped areas, where nutrients tend to leach away quickly, fertilization should be applied deeper to keep the nutrients within the root zone for longer.
Seventh, nitrogen-based fertilizers are highly mobile in the soil, so they can be applied shallowly and still reach the root zone. However, potassium has limited mobility, and phosphate is even less mobile. Therefore, it's recommended to apply these types of fertilizers deeper, closer to the root system, to maximize their effectiveness.
Eighth, base fertilizers, which release nutrients slowly over time, should be applied deeper in the soil. On the other hand, top-dressing fertilizers, which act more quickly, should be applied more shallowly to ensure immediate availability to the tree.
Ninth, foliar sprays should be applied evenly and thoroughly to maximize leaf absorption. It's important to carefully control the concentration of the solution to avoid leaf burn. The best times to spray are on cloudy days or early in the morning before 10 a.m. and late in the afternoon after 4 p.m., when the temperature is cooler and evaporation is reduced.
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