In spring wheat fields, timely weeding is crucial. The early stage of weed control is a critical period, and herbicides such as tribenuron-methyl, fluroxypyr (fructose-mercury), and 2,4-D butyl ester are commonly used. These should be applied from the green-up phase of the wheat until the early jointing stage, with the best timing being during the tillering stage. It's important to apply them before March 15th to avoid any negative impact on the crop. Notably, the earlier you apply 2,4-D butyl ester, the safer it is for the wheat.
Weeding in spring wheat should be tailored based on the types of weeds present. Different herbicides should be selected depending on the weed species to maximize effectiveness. In Huaixian County, 75% tribenuron-methyl (or 70% version) is widely used to control broadleaf weeds like sow thistle, leeks, and rice-wheat. It is typically sprayed at a rate of 1 to 1.8 grams per mu with 30 to 40 kg of water. For grassy weeds like wild oats and bromegrass, 6.9% fluazifop-p-butyl (Fuma) at 60–70 ml/mu or 3% clethodim (Shima EC) at 25–30 ml/mu is recommended. When both monocot and broadleaf weeds are present, adding 6.9% DuPont Superstar can effectively manage both. In severe infestations, 20% glyphosate can be used at 50–60 ml/mu with 30–40 kg of water per mu.
It’s essential to note that 2,4-D butyl ester can cause phytotoxicity to dicot crops like cotton, especially when applied near these plants. Therefore, it’s advisable not to use this herbicide in areas where cotton or other sensitive dicots are grown nearby. Also, after using 2,4-D butyl ester, all equipment must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent accidental damage to future crops.
Proper dosage is key in spring wheat field weeding. Too little may reduce effectiveness, while too much can lead to long-term residue issues and even crop injury. For example, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate should be applied at 50 ml per mu; 75% tribenuron-methyl suspension at 1–1.8 g/mu; 75% DuPont Superstar suspension concentrate at 0.9–1.4 g/mu; 6.9% Fuma at 60–70 ml/mu; and 3% Shima EC at 25–30 ml/mu, with 30–40 kg of water per mu. Never adjust the dosage without proper guidance.
Timing and weather conditions also play a vital role. Herbicides should be applied between 9 am and 4 pm on sunny days, avoiding windy conditions to prevent drift. High temperatures help increase weed absorption, but wind can cause uneven spraying and damage to adjacent crops like fruits and vegetables. The ideal temperature for 2,4-D butyl ester is above 15°C.
Finally, ensure even application by using a secondary dilution method—first mix the concentrate, then dilute it properly. Spray evenly and use no less than 30 kg of water per mu to ensure thorough coverage and effective weed control.
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