The bark fermentation and cultivation medium technology is known for its lightweight nature, high water retention, rich organic matter content, a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and a slightly acidic pH ranging from 4.2 to 4.5. Pine bark typically has a C/N ratio of around 135:1, while conifer bark can range between 150:1 to 300:1. Notably, L. bark has an exceptionally high C/N ratio of up to 494. The total carbon content is about 54.3%, and the total nitrogen is only 0.11%. In addition to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, bark also contains substances like tannic acid, acetic acid, and other organic acids that may be harmful to plant growth. Moreover, due to its natural antibacterial properties and resistance to decay, bark is not easily broken down by water or microbial activity, making it one of the most challenging organic materials to ferment. However, the use of Golden Bark Fermentation Additives can significantly improve this process.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to prepare and carry out the fermentation:
1. Start with 1 cubic meter of bark (approximately 0.5 tons), along with 25 kg of dry chicken manure or livestock manure, 5 to 10 kg of urea or thiamine, and 0.5 to 1 kg of lime.
2. Mix the manure, urea, and thiamine thoroughly into the bark to lower the C/N ratio to below 40, which is essential for effective microbial activity.
3. Since coniferous bark tends to be highly acidic, add an appropriate amount of lime to adjust the pH to between 5 and 5.5.
4. Water the mixture, turn it over, and aerate it for 2 to 3 days until the moisture content reaches about 50%.
5. Mix 1 kg of Golden Bark Fermentation Additive with 2.5 kg of rice bran and distribute it evenly throughout the bark mixture. This process, called "inoculation," ensures that the bacterial cultures are well adsorbed into the material. After inoculation, pile the material into large heaps, cover them, and let them sit for 6 to 12 hours to allow the bacteria to activate and penetrate the bark.
Next, the actual fermentation process begins:
6. After the initial treatment, form the fermented material into large piles approximately 1 to 1.5 meters high and cover them to maintain heat and moisture.
7. Begin the first phase of fermentation, which lasts about 25 to 30 days. During this time, ensure proper temperature and moisture levels to promote saccharification. Within 5 to 7 days, the temperature should rise to 45–50°C, and white mycelium will appear on the surface. If no progress is observed after two days, turn the pile. Continue the process until the accumulated temperature reaches 800–900°C, then proceed to the second phase.
8. In the second phase, keep the moisture content around 60%. If needed, spray a 5% urea solution to rehydrate the material and rebuild the pile. When the temperature reaches 65°C, continue fermentation for another three weeks. Once the accumulated temperature reaches 800–1000°C, the fermentation is nearly complete.
The functional microorganisms in the Golden Bark Fermentation Additive fully break down the bark, eliminating harmful compounds such as tannic acid and citric acid. This improves the physical properties, commercial value, and economic potential of the final product.
Finally, for the finished product:
9. After fermentation, spread the material to a thickness of about 10 cm and allow it to dry until the moisture content drops to around 40%. Sieve the material using different mesh sizes based on customer requirements. Package the product and store it in a dry, well-ventilated area.
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