Anemarrhenae is a perennial herb belonging to the Liliaceae family. It thrives in warm climates but is also highly resilient to cold, drought, and direct sunlight. In northern regions, it can survive the winter in the field without special protection. This plant is not particular about soil type, but it grows best on sandy slopes, loamy soils rich in humus, and well-drained areas. The annual soil temperature should be above 10°C in spring, and both the above-ground foliage and underground root systems grow most vigorously between April and June. The rhizomes (underground stems) increase in size from August to October. By November, the plant begins to wither, and its growing season typically lasts around 230 days.
For propagation, seed breeding is commonly used. Parent plants should be at least three years old, with 5–6 sepals per flower and 150–180 flowers per spike. Since the fruits tend to fall off easily, they should be harvested before full maturity. Each seed yields approximately 5–7 grams, with a germination rate of 80–90%. However, the germination rate drops to around 50% after four years, so seeds should be stored for no more than two years. A dry weight of 7.5–8.1 grams per seed is considered optimal.
The site preparation for Anemarrhenae is not overly strict. Good drainage is essential, and it prefers fertile, sunny slopes or floodplain sandy loam. Crops like corn, potatoes, and beans are suitable as predecessors. After harvesting, 130 kg of compost and 66 kg of compound solid fertilizer per acre are recommended. The soil should be deeply tilled, leveled, and shaped into ridges 1.3 meters wide.
Propagation methods include both seed sowing and vegetative reproduction. For seed sowing, autumn or spring planting is possible. Autumn sowing should be done before the ground freezes, while spring sowing is usually done in April. Seeds are drilled at intervals of 10–25 cm, placed in shallow furrows, and covered with 1.5 cm of soil. Keeping the soil moist for about 20 days promotes germination. Seedlings are then transplanted with spacing of 7–10 cm, and the seeding rate is approximately 0.5–0.7 kg per mu.
Vegetative reproduction involves digging up the roots in early spring or late autumn and cutting them into sections of 3–6 cm, each containing 1–2 buds. These sections are planted 25–30 cm apart and 9–12 cm between plants, with 5 cm of soil covering them.
Weeding is necessary 2–3 times a year, especially after the rainy season and at the end of fall. Removing flower buds (except for those intended for seed production) helps promote rhizome growth and increases yield.
Anemarrhenae has a strong ability to absorb nutrients, so regular top-dressing is essential. Research shows that nitrogen fertilizer significantly boosts rhizome production, followed by potassium. Neutral soils yield better results. To correct acidic conditions, lime can be applied, or organic manure can be used to improve soil buffering capacity. Excess farm manure, ash, and other organic materials can supplement nitrogen and potassium. Each year, from April to August, 20 kg of urea and 13 kg of potash per mu should be applied. In late autumn and early winter, 33 kg of a 5:5:5 NPK compound fertilizer and 6.6 kg of soluble phosphate fertilizer per mu is recommended.
Pest control focuses on preventing root rot, which is primarily caused by waterlogged soil under high temperature and humidity. Choosing well-drained, cooler areas for cultivation and avoiding water accumulation during the growing season can help reduce this issue.
Harvesting is typically done in spring or autumn. Dead leaves and fibrous roots are removed, and the rhizomes are dried to produce Atractylodes. Freshly cut rhizomes are peeled and dried to form "chicken meat." The yield from fresh roots is about 35%, and care should be taken not to soak the rhizomes in water for long periods. Drying reduces the weight by about 30%. Yields vary depending on the propagation method and year: 100–120 kg per acre in the second year from seed, and 300–360 kg in the third year. For plants established through vegetative propagation, the first year yields 200 kg per mu, and 400 kg in the second year.
After processing, moisture absorption should be avoided, and the storage area must be kept free from mold. During storage, measures should be taken to prevent rodent damage.
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