In spring wheat fields, the key to effective weed control is "early." Spring weeding is a critical time for managing weeds, and several herbicides are commonly used, including tribenuron-methyl, fluroxypyr (fructose-mercury), and 2,4-D butyl ester. These should be applied from the green-up stage of wheat through the early jointing phase, ideally during the tillering stage. It's recommended to apply them before March 15th to prevent any negative impact on the crop. Notably, applying 2,4-D butyl ester earlier in the season tends to be safer and more effective.
Weed control in spring wheat should be tailored based on the type of weeds present. Different herbicides are suitable for different weed species, so selecting the right one can significantly improve the effectiveness of weed management. In Huaixian County, 75% tribenuron-methyl (or 70% tribenuron-methyl) is widely used to target broadleaf weeds such as sow thistle, leeks, and rice-wheat weeds. The typical application rate is 1 to 1.8 grams per mu with 30 to 40 kg of water. For grassy weeds like wild oats and bromegrass, 6.9% Fuma at 60–70 ml per mu or 3% Shima EC at 25–30 ml per mu is recommended, again using 30–40 kg of water. When both monocot and broadleaf weeds are present, adding 6.9% Humming Cream to the DuPont Superstar formulation can help control both types effectively. In severe infestations, 20% glyphosate can be applied at 50–60 ml per mu with 30–40 kg of water.
It’s important to note that 2,4-D butyl ester can cause phytotoxicity to dicot crops such as cotton, especially lower-growing ones. Therefore, it should not be used in areas where these crops are nearby. After using 2,4-D butyl ester, equipment should be thoroughly cleaned to avoid contamination and unintended damage to other crops.
Dosage control is crucial when applying herbicides. Too little may reduce effectiveness, while too much can lead to residual effects and potential phytotoxicity. Standard dosages include 50 ml of 72% 2,4-D butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate per mu, 1–1.8 g of 75% tribenuron-methyl suspension per mu, 0.9–1.4 g of 75% DuPont Superstar per mu, 60–70 ml of 6.9% Fuma per mu, and 25–30 ml of 3% Shima EC per mu, all mixed with 30–40 kg of water. Never adjust the dosage without proper guidance.
The best time to spray herbicides is between 9 am and 4 pm on sunny, windless days. High temperatures enhance weed absorption, but strong winds can cause drift and uneven coverage, potentially damaging other crops like fruits and vegetables. For 2,4-D butyl ester, the ideal temperature range is above 15°C.
Finally, ensure even spraying by using a secondary dilution method—mix the concentrate first, then dilute it properly. Apply at least 30 kg of water per mu to ensure thorough coverage and optimal results.
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