In many countries, sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation is a widely used irrigation technology. The use of sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation systems to apply fertilizers while fertilizing (referred to as fertigation) has many advantages.
The characteristics of sprinkler fertilization are as follows: First, liquid fertilizer is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of crops through the roots and leaves, and can greatly increase the yield of crops; second, the number of fertilizing machines passing through the field is reduced, thus maintaining the soil structure of the tillage layer and reducing mechanical damage. Third, it is possible to fertilize many doses at low doses. Fourth, fertilization can be applied to crops with difficult fertilization, high stalk crops, and compact plant types. Drip fertilization can make the crop more concentrated and effective use of water and fertilizer applied with water, so drip fertigation has many advantages such as water saving, labor saving, saving fertilizer and increasing production. According to the study, under the same conditions, compared with irrigation fertilization and surface fertigation, nitrogen fertilizer can save 11% to 29%, while drip fertigation can save 44% to 57% of nitrogen fertilizer.
Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation require specialized irrigation equipment. When combined with irrigation, it only requires additional equipment. When using irrigation equipment for irrigation and fertilization, the centrifugal solution pump is used to send the fertilizer solution to the equipment for fertigation through the branch pipe. The branch pipe of the fertilizer solution should use metal materials that are not corroded by the fertilizer solution. When fertilizing with drip irrigation, the fertilizer is mixed with the irrigation water in a large bucket, and the solution can be injected into the drip irrigation main pipe with a spray head.
Drip fertilization is the most promising fertilization technology. At present, drip irrigation is mainly used to irrigate economic crops such as fruit trees and vegetables. According to the comparative test in the community, compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation increased fruit production by 30% to 40% and vegetable yield by 30% to 50%. The increase in yield of food crops is also evident.
Soilless cultivation of greenhouse vegetables can also be regarded as a method of irrigation and fertilization. The specific method is to use a clay jar, a small cylinder, a flower pot or a cement pool as a seedbed container, and first lay a layer of 10 to 15 cm sand rock on the bottom of the container. Fill the ordinary river sand again and soak the soaked vegetable seeds on the sand bed of the container. After emergence, the plants are planted in a container and watered with nutrient solution or self-controlled liquid supply for 1 or 2 times per day. The number of fruiting period is appropriately increased.
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