According to the investigation and analysis, the author believes that the major causes of the outbreak and spread of the sea cucumber disease are as follows: First, the lack of attention to dredging or dredging is incomplete, leading to deterioration of water quality. Many sea cucumber aquaculture ponds have not been dredged for many years and have accumulated deep sea cucumber excrement on the bottom of the pond and reefs. Silt and algae, especially low-temperature algae at the bottom of the pond, begin to rot and deteriorate during the winter and summer seasons, thereby breeding bacteria, mold, parasites, and other pathogens, leading to the occurrence of sea cucumbers. Although some of the ponds were dredged, due to traditional methods of ploughing and solarization, the pollution of the bottom of the pool could not be completely solved, especially those that pushed sludge from the bottom of the pond to the edge of the pool or slope. The practice is even more inappropriate. After the dredging, when the water is collected again, these sediments still have to be soaked in water, which will still damage the water, breed bacteria and parasites, and cause the occurrence of sea cucumbers. The second is not paying attention to the self-purification and disinfection technology of the pool. As a result of environmental pollution, Haikou and Neiwan near coastal cities and towns are exposed to varying degrees of organic pollution. In addition, with the rapid development of intensive aquaculture, the self-pollution of the aquaculture industry is becoming more and more serious. After a large number of aquaculture water that has been replaced by itself is often discharged together with the contaminated coastal water, it is also pumped back into the nutrient pool, forming a large number of Organic substances, etc., enter the cells and become good nutrients such as various bacteria and parasites to promote their growth and reproduction. Even if a large number of water bodies are exchanged, it will not help, because there is simply no clean water source in the Outer Sea to regulate the water quality of the ponds. However, many households often only pay attention to the surface water quality control, and ignore the impact of sediment on the water environment and the consequences of environmental pollution, the lack of self-purification and disinfection of fishery water and experience and experience.
According to the survey summary, the author believes that in order to prevent the occurrence of disease in the pond cultured sea cucumber, dredging and disinfection of the sea cucumber breeding pond must be done. Specific practices include the following:
First, change the traditional methods of dredging, so that dredging is completely clean and does not leave behind.
The dredging methods for sea cucumber aquaculture ponds and shrimp aquaculture ponds are different. The main reason is that there are artificial reefs in the sea cucumber pool, which causes great troubles and difficulties for the dredging work. Many of the ginseng ponds have never been dredged since they were built, and the depth of sludge and sea cucumber manure layers at the bottom of the pool is several centimeters or more than ten centimeters deep. This will greatly affect the water quality of the pool and will reduce the dissolution in the pool. Oxygen content, resulting in elevated ammonia or hydrogen sulfide, is likely to cause the incidence of sea cucumbers. The traditional method of pond dredging is the use of winter plowing and weathering methods or the pushing of dirt from the bottom of the pond to the edge of the pool and the slope of the dam. After this method is applied, the bottom of the pond turns from black to yellow and the odor disappears. However, this treatment method is only a superficial phenomenon that does not solve the fundamental problem. Some sulphides in the sediment are oxidized to sulphate, the sediment becomes yellow, and gaseous hydrogen sulfide evaporates and the odor gradually disappears. The gradual drying of the sediment, the bacteria's decomposition of organic matter also gradually stopped, a large amount of organic matter is still dried in the bottom mud. After the water is introduced into the pool, these sediments are still immersed in water, and the decomposition of bacteria and germs begins again, especially during the high-temperature period. When the dissolved oxygen content in the bottom layer of the pool water is low, some sulfates will be restored to Sulfides make the bottom of the pool darker and the odors increase. Therefore, it is recommended to use a suction pump or a suction dredger to remove all the sludge, feces, and algae from the bottom of the reference pond. Outside the pool, and do it completely clean, leaving no trouble.
Second, take the flushing and soaking methods to reduce the organic pollution at the bottom of the pool.
After the bottom sludge of the pool is cleared, high-pressure water guns are used to wash the rocks in the pool by piles to remove sludge, feces and algae, and the bottom of the pool is rinsed while stirring the bottom of the pool to thoroughly flush the bottom of the pool. Once again, then after soaking for half a month, the pool water is let off and fresh seawater is included. The water supply should be carried out in a large flood season, changing the water once a month until the end of the spring soaking, and production practices have proved that the adoption of this method can significantly reduce the bottom of the bottom sediment organic pollution.
Third, pay attention to disinfection technology to protect the water body clean.
Sea cucumbers are benthic organisms, long-term benthic life, and pathogens, viruses, and parasites are also concentrated in the bottom of the pool. At the same time, the bottom of the pool is also a place with the highest concentration of harmful impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite. First of all, to make the bottom environment normal can fundamentally prevent the occurrence of diseases. However, a large number of existing sea cucumber breeding ponds are transformed from shrimp ponds. Most of the pool bottoms are muddy sediments. Although the rigid attachment bases are used to improve the habitat, due to the high cost, the amount of attached bases is often insufficient. This forced most of the sea cucumbers to perish in the mud for a long time, which is one of the important causes of the disease's proliferation. Coupled with industrial and agricultural and domestic sewage pollution, the aquaculture industry itself uses water pollution. Therefore, after the completion of dredging work, it is necessary to add supplementary detergents, agitation, filtration and disinfection measures to strengthen the self-purification of water bodies and protect the water bodies. It is advisable to disinfect 50 to 100 kg of quick lime or 30 g/m3 of bleaching powder in Mu, and then wait for the drug to disappear after one week, and then enter the water and fertilizer ponds and cast into seedlings. In the growing process, according to the specific conditions of the culture pond water and sediment, and for the characteristics of sea cucumbers in winter, the low temperature does not eat easily, timely disinfection, usually 30 to 50 kg of lime every half month to a month. Zeolite powder, once sterilized or improved at the bottom, creates a good ecological environment for the life of sea cucumbers. Use a 30 to 50 g/m3 sea cucumber ecological base before winter and splash it with Quantitative oral antibiotics. The bait allows sea cucumbers to accumulate certain concentrations of antibiotics in the body to enhance the sea cucumber's disease resistance in winter.
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