The blue-tailed white-tailed shrimp is a highly valuable species in China's aquaculture industry. Known for its delicious taste and high nutritional value, it can be sold fresh or processed into dried products, making it a popular choice among consumers. In the autumn and winter seasons, white-tailed shrimps are commonly farmed in shrimp ponds, following the harvest of the long-tailed shrimp. After the second harvest of long-tailed shrimp, white seedlings are either collected from existing broodstock or naturally occurring larvae and raised for sale before the Spring Festival. This method is favored due to its low cost, short production cycle, ease of management, and high profitability. In recent years, it has been widely adopted in local hatcheries and shrimp farms across the county, yielding impressive results with an average yield of 30 kilograms per acre and profits reaching up to 1,500 yuan. Cultivating white shrimp during the colder months helps maximize pond utilization, allowing farmers to fully capitalize on their resources. This practice is not only efficient but also highly recommended for widespread adoption.
**First, Understanding the Biological Characteristics of White-Tailed Shrimp**
1. **Habitat and Environmental Adaptability**
White-tailed shrimp prefer shallow coastal waters and have strong adaptability to different environments. They thrive in temperatures ranging from 2°C to 39°C, and can even survive at -3°C. Their salinity tolerance ranges from 3.87 to 30, with optimal growth in brackish water. However, they are sensitive to low oxygen levels, and will die if dissolved oxygen drops below 1 mg/L.
2. **Diet and Growth Patterns**
These shrimp are omnivorous, feeding on both plant and animal matter, but they particularly favor fresh fish, small shrimp, and shellfish. Their growth cycle is relatively short, typically reaching marketable size within 2–3 months.
3. **Breeding Habits**
White-tailed shrimp have high reproductive potential, with females often carrying eggs. Breeding usually occurs in spring, but they can spawn up to 10 times a year during summer and autumn, making them ideal for multiple harvests.
**Second, Key Techniques for Autumn and Winter Shrimp Farming**
1. **Pond Conditions**
Most standard shrimp ponds are suitable for white-tailed shrimp farming. However, ponds located near estuaries with lower salinity and rich natural shrimp populations tend to produce better results.
2. **Seedling Management**
There are several methods for managing white shrimp seedlings. After harvesting long-tailed shrimp in late July to mid-August (lunar calendar), small white shrimp seedlings (less than 2 cm) can be left in the pond. Alternatively, nets can be used to collect wild seedlings from nearby areas. Another effective approach is to enhance algae growth through fertilization after the last batch of shrimp lays eggs, ensuring sufficient food for newly hatched larvae. Combining these techniques improves survival rates significantly.
3. **Feeding Practices**
Feed the shrimp daily based on their density, size, and eating behavior. Initially, feed amounts should be gradually increased, then reduced as water temperatures drop. Typically, 0.5–1 kg of dry feed per acre is sufficient. Once water temperatures fall below 5°C, feeding should stop entirely.
4. **Pest Control**
After harvesting long-tailed shrimp, residual pests may remain in the pond. Early-stage pest control using 15W lamps or other methods is essential to prevent damage to the white shrimp.
5. **Water Quality Management**
During high tides, water should be exchanged regularly—about 10–20% each time—to promote molting and maintain good water quality. If conditions worsen, increase the frequency of water changes.
6. **Regular Pond Inspections**
Farmers should monitor shrimp activity, water color, pond structure, and inlet/outlet gates. During adverse weather, extra attention is needed to ensure the safety and health of the shrimp.
7. **Timely Harvesting**
Before and after the Spring Festival, white shrimp reach a size of 5–6 cm, which is ideal for sale. At this stage, the market price is highest, and fresh shrimp can be sold directly to consumers.
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