This article briefly describes the role of conventional nutrients in the production of pigs in the diets of amino acids, water, water quality, protein, energy, vitamins, minerals, hydro energy, lysine, calcium and phosphorus.
1. What is the classification and role of amino acids?
Amino acids are the basic units that make up proteins and are divided into two categories, essential and non-essential. Essential amino acids means that the pig cannot synthesize or have a slow synthesis rate and cannot meet pig needs and must be supplied by feed. There are 10 kinds of essential amino acids for pigs, namely lysine, methionine, tryptophan, arginine, threonine, valine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. At present, lysine, eggs, cystine, threonine, and tryptophan in the diet composed of feed ingredients in China are relatively lacking, which reduces the utilization of feed and animal production performance. Therefore, it should be based on the type of diet in the feed. Add amino acids appropriately.
2. What is the role of protein in pigs?
Proteins are a class of compounds composed of amino acids. The content of essential amino acids and their availability determine their nutritional value. Protein constitutes the basic component of porcine tissue and somatic cells. If the protein content in the diet does not meet the needs of the pig, the growth of the pig is limited, the weight is reduced, the feed utilization rate is lowered, and the reproductive function is disordered.
3. What is the effect of energy on pigs?
The energy is mainly derived from the starch, sugar and fat in the feed. The fiber can also provide a small amount of energy. After the pig eats the feed, the above substances are converted into energy to meet the needs of maintenance and growth. Starch, carbohydrates, and fats are easily digested and absorbed, with high heat production, while crude fiber is harder to digest and provides less energy, but it has the effect of making animals feel full and promote intestinal peristalsis. Fiber content in feed is different from that of pigs. Physiological stages vary. When the energy in the feed does not meet the pig's needs, it will reduce the utilization of the protein, and the pig will lose weight, affecting normal growth and reproduction.
4. What is the effect of vitamins on pigs?
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary to promote the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and maintain the health, normal growth and reproduction of pigs. Divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, K, water-soluble vitamins including B vitamins and vitamin C. A lack of vitamins in the diet can cause abnormal pig growth, slow growth, reduced disease resistance, and reduced reproductive performance.
5, the classification of minerals and its role?
Minerals are divided into major mineral elements and trace mineral elements. Major mineral elements include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur; trace mineral elements include copper, iron, zinc, manganese, etc. Mineral elements are the skeleton of animals. Blood and nutrients necessary to maintain normal growth and reproduction.
6. What is the effect of water on pigs?
Water has a role in the formation of the body's cells and tissues, the dissolution and transport of nutrients. If the water supply is insufficient, it will seriously affect the feed intake and metabolism of pigs, such as water supply, which can cause death within a few days.
7. What is the importance of water quality?
The problem of water quality is mainly related to microbial contamination and the nitrite content of toxic substances. Microorganisms in less than 10 colony units per litre of water are acceptable for animals, and levels higher than 50 colony units may be harmful to animals and need to be treated; nitrates in water can be converted to nitrite to produce toxicity, nitrite in water Concentration below 100ppm is safe, but when the concentration of nitrite in the water is higher than 100ppm, it can convert hemoglobin to methemoglobin. In the blood, methemoglobin cannot transfer sufficient oxygen to tissues. If the methemoglobin content in blood is too high, there is May cause pig's death.
8. What minerals can water provide, and what effect do they have on pig growth?
The common mineral elements in groundwater are iron, sulfur, chlorine and magnesium. These minerals can form complexes with calcium, magnesium, and sodium and constitute the total soluble substances in water. It has been reported that when the total solubles in the water exceeds 5 g/l, pig diarrhea may be caused, affecting production performance, and impairing the ability of the pig to exercise.
9. What is the importance of dietary energy protein (lysine) ratio?
Pigs are usually fed to meet their energy needs. When the energy content of the diet is increased, feed intake will decrease, while the intake of other nutrients will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the energy protein (lysine) ratio when intake is decreased due to increased energy, and the concentration of other nutrients in the diet must also be increased.
10. What is the importance of dietary calcium and phosphorus ratios?
Appropriate calcium and phosphorus ratios in diets are important for their absorption and utilization. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus does not reduce their rate of absorption, slowing the growth rate and bone calcification, and when using cereal-soybean meal diets, the authors recommend calcium. The phosphorus ratio ranges from 1.2-1.5:1.
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