In the summer and autumn seasons, the flower buds of various fruit trees such as peach, plum, pear, apricot, apple, jujube and persimmon have differentiated. The accumulation of tree nutrients and the quality of flower bud differentiation are closely related to the yield and quality of fruit trees in the following year. Therefore, in addition to the normal soil, fertilizer, water management and pest control during this period, according to the different varieties, the pros and cons of the tree vigor, take some measures conducive to flower bud differentiation, in order to improve the yield and quality of fruit trees.
I. Early fruit picking and fruit picking in phases For young trees or old and weak trees, early harvesting should be carried out according to the specific conditions of the tree vigor, so as to reduce the nutrient burden of the tree, so as to facilitate the restoration of tree vigor and promote flower bud differentiation. To adopt a method of fruit harvesting in stages for better-managed high-yield trees is beneficial to the restoration of tree potential.
Second, the timely application of root fertilizers consumes a large amount of tree nutrients. After fruit collection, nutrition must be added in time to restore tree vigor, ensure that there are sufficient nutrients to provide flower bud differentiation, improve the quality of flower buds, and enhance the ability to withstand cold in winter. Generally, strong trees are sprayed with a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a mixture of 2%-3% superphosphate and 0.3% urea; 0.3%-0.5% urea solution is sprayed on old and weak trees, each 7- Spray 10 times a day and spray 3-4 times.
Third, the appropriate water control to facilitate flower bud differentiation of flower bud differentiation in the fruit tree in May-May, such as apples, peaches, plums, pears and other trees in the fruit after picking, 2 consecutive times every 7 days liquid fertilizer, and began to control water, Until the fruit leaves fade, the degree of leaf micro-reel or surface micro-cracks. If the drought is too severe, it is necessary to spray water on the leaf surface or splash water on the surface, and control the water for 20-30 days. For trees with early results and prosperous trees with few results, the water control time should be longer. But should not be too long, otherwise it will affect the partial root or sun root.
For the low-lying, poorly-drained mountain orchards or orchard with heavy soil, it is possible to perform partial root cutting at the early stage of flower bud differentiation, and to dip the roots of fruit trees with lighter roots, and split the soil around the roots of the roots. day. For fruit trees whose flower bud differentiation period is after October, pay attention to frost prevention, open the soil in the morning, cover soil and cover grass in the afternoon.
Fourth, spray the spray before spraying the new shoots, can effectively control the growth of new shoots, and can promote the differentiation of buds into buds. After the fruits are harvested, paclobutrazol is used to control its growth, which can promote flower bud differentiation. Can also be applied to soil paclobutrazol, generally applied 15-30 grams per plant, after-effect up to 3 years. Spraying ethephon in autumn can control the growth of young trees and promote the development of short and middle branches, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds (used for unsuccessful saplings).
5. It is necessary to prune the trees of the early results for summer pruning. Buds topping: Eradication of budded shoots in the canopy and competition buds under the clippings. When the new shoot reaches 40 centimeters, it will be picked up. Twigs Twisting branches: The method of pulling branches, hanging branches and supporting branches is adopted for erect growing fruit trees that grow more prosperously, and the angle of upright branches is increased; for leggy branches or prosperous branches, 180 degrees are to be reversed, but do not twist and cause the leggy. Branches turn into branches and ease the tree. Ring cutting: For Wang Changshu, depending on the situation, it can be cut on the side of the big side branch, upright branch or on the main trunk. The bark can not be peeled off, and it can reach deep to the xylem. Can also be used lead wire or thin wire binding, to yellow when the veins must be unfastened, this method is applied to thin tree species of fruit bark, such as apples, pears, peaches, plums, dates, persimmons, etc.
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