Cotton seedling management is crucial for ensuring healthy growth and setting the stage for a high-yield harvest. The focus should be on mitigating the negative impacts of natural disasters and other unfavorable conditions, while also improving the overall growing environment. This helps establish strong, vigorous seedlings early in the season, which is essential for long-term productivity.
One key aspect is checking and filling in missing seedlings promptly. As farmer Yan Yun once said, “A few fewer seedlings in spring can lead to significant losses in autumn.†This highlights the importance of maintaining proper plant density. After transplanting or when seedlings emerge, it’s important to inspect the field and fill any gaps immediately. Spring cotton typically requires this process in early May, using pre-prepared nutrient-rich seedlings, extra plants from the field, or even sprouts after rain to compensate. By doing so, you ensure uniform growth and reduce competition among plants.
In addition to filling, it's essential to manage pests and diseases. Common seedling diseases include damping-off, anthracnose, and red rot, often caused by cool, wet weather. To prevent these, regular field cultivation after rain, loosening the soil, and raising the ground temperature can help suppress disease development. Spraying with solutions like 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 65% folicone at 250 times dilution, or carbendazim at 1000 times, along with wood ash, can provide effective protection.
Regarding pests, spring cotton is commonly affected by aphids, red spiders, and thrips, while corn borers are less of a concern. Conversely, wheat fields may experience different pest pressures. Treatments should be tailored to the situation, with options such as monocrotophos, methylamine tablets diluted at 7:10, or 200 times spray solutions. These can effectively control a range of pests, including maggots, red spiders, thrips, corn borers, and bollworms.
Timely cultivation and irrigation are also vital. After rain, cultivating the soil to loosen it and improve drainage helps promote root development. In dry periods, watering before cultivation ensures better moisture levels, aiding root establishment and faster growth. Watering is generally not needed during the seedling stage unless there is severe drought, as overwatering can lead to weak growth. However, during the wheat intercropping period, water demand increases, and careful irrigation is necessary to avoid stress on the cotton plants after wheat is harvested.
Fertilization should be carefully managed. While base fertilizers are usually sufficient, in cases where wheat is interplanted, additional nutrients may be needed after harvesting. Applying urea at around 7.5 kg per acre, combined with organic manure, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, can significantly boost seedling health. Early and balanced nutrition is key to building strong, resilient plants that can thrive throughout the growing season.
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