Cotton seedling management should focus on mitigating the negative impacts of natural disasters and other unfavorable conditions. It's essential to create a favorable growing environment that promotes vigorous early growth, ensuring strong seedlings that lay the foundation for a high-yield harvest throughout the season.
Checking and filling in seedlings promptly is crucial. Farmer Yan Yun from Dingmiao once said, "Few spring seedlings mean fewer autumn bolls; losing seedlings over an acre can cost 25 kg of lint." This highlights the importance of monitoring seedling density. As soon as seedlings emerge or are transplanted into the field, a quick check should be done. If there are gaps, seedlings must be filled immediately. Spring cotton usually fills in seedlings in early May, followed by transplanting. The supplementary seedlings are often sourced from pre-prepared nutritious seedlings, prepared seedlings, or extra plants in the field. Techniques like transplanting with nutrients, soil, or sprouts after rain can help maintain proper density. Additionally, it's important to ensure one strong plant per hole, removing weak ones to reduce competition and promote robust growth. In intercropping systems, making up for missing seedlings becomes more challenging.
Disease prevention is also vital during the seedling stage. Common diseases include damping-off, anthracnose, and red rot, which tend to occur in cool, wet weather and can cause sick or dead seedlings. Field management should be intensified, with timely cultivation after rain to loosen the soil and raise ground temperature, which helps prevent disease. Spraying the seedbed with a 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 65% folicone at 250 times dilution, or 1000 times carbendazim solution, or using wood ash, can effectively prevent disease and improve seedling health.
Insect pests such as aphids, red spiders, thrips, and corn borers can be problematic. While aphids and red spiders are more common in spring, corn borers appear less frequently. Pest control should be tailored to the situation, with targeted treatments. Options include applying monocrotophos or methylamine tablets diluted 7 times, or using 200 times diluted "drop heart" solution. Spraying with a 0.6 mm nozzle can target the tender parts of the plant, effectively controlling both aphids, red spiders, and thrips, as well as corn borers, ground tigers, and cotton bollworms.
Timely cultivation and irrigation are essential during the seedling stage. After rain, the soil becomes loose and easier to cultivate. When there’s no rain before or after wheat harvesting, watering first and then cultivating is recommended. Rain provides good moisture, so cultivating and weeding helps break up the soil crust, allowing roots to grow deeper and promoting faster, healthier seedling development.
Watering is generally not needed during the early seedling stage of spring cotton, as excessive moisture can lead to shallow root growth. However, during the period when wheat is intercropped, water demand increases, and the soil becomes compacted. Without sufficient rainfall, it’s critical to water promptly after wheat harvest to protect the seedlings from heat and drought stress. Early watering is better, as it helps restore growth quickly and reduces losses. Delayed watering can slow down seedling development and affect the timing of later growth stages.
Fertilization should be rational. Base fertilizer is typically applied, and additional seedling fertilizer is not always necessary. However, when wheat is intercropped, fertilizing can be difficult due to logistical challenges. After wheat harvest, the soil is often deficient in nutrients, so timely application of fertilizer along with cultivation and irrigation is essential to build a strong foundation for healthy seedlings. Applying urea at 7.5 kg per acre is a common practice. For higher yields, combining deep soil cultivation, organic manure, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements can significantly enhance growth and performance.
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