Since the start of summer this year, persistent high temperatures and limited rainfall have placed significant pressure on agricultural water resources, leading to worsening drought conditions. In some regions, soil salinization has become severe, hindering crop development. During the critical period for cabbage seedling cultivation, it is essential to implement effective measures to mitigate the impact of drought, minimize damage, and ensure smooth vegetable production for export. Below are recommended strategies to help farmers manage drought stress during the seedling stage:
First, choose the right land carefully. When planting cabbage seedlings, select well-drained, fertile, and loose soils that are suitable for non-cruciferous crops. Avoid using early rice fields or greenhouse areas, as these may have high salt content, which can lead to poor germination or seedling death. Also, avoid raising seedlings near streams or in low-lying areas prone to flooding during typhoons or heavy rains.
Second, prepare the seeds properly. To speed up germination, reduce disease risks, and improve seedling resilience, seeds should be pre-treated before sowing. Soak them in warm water (55–60°C) for 10–15 minutes, then soak in fresh water for 10–12 hours. Alternatively, use a 75% chlorothalonil solution diluted at 800 times for 10–12 hours. After soaking and disinfecting, keep the seeds moist for 20–24 hours before sowing.
Third, use protective facilities to shield seedlings from harsh weather. After sowing, cover the area with 2–3 layers of shade netting to prevent sun exposure and salinization. Once 50% of the seedlings emerge, cover the surface with shade nets and install small arches to provide additional protection. On sunny days, cover the nets between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to lower temperatures, reduce water evaporation, and extend watering intervals. In case of typhoons, cover the seedlings with shade nets or plastic sheets.
Fourth, manage irrigation and fertilization wisely. After seedlings emerge, water sparingly to avoid soil compaction and maintain good root development. If irrigation is necessary, use furrow irrigation and avoid wetting the upper soil surface. Ensure that the chloride ion concentration in the irrigation water is below 0.06%, and avoid using water from the lower layers of Hejiang River or deep wells with high salt content. Seven days after emergence, apply 5% konjac herb (750 grams per acre) to control weeds and reduce moisture loss. Apply basal fertilizer at the beginning, and avoid top-dressing unless the seedlings are weak. In such cases, use a diluted urea solution or foliar fertilizer during irrigation.
Fifth, monitor and control pests and diseases. Common seedling diseases include damping-off, blight, anthracnose, and downy mildew. Pests such as cutworms, diamondback moths, cabbage white butterflies, and aphids also pose threats. Use appropriate pesticides and practice soil disinfection and light trapping. Always use clean water when applying chemicals to avoid clogging or reduced effectiveness. It is advisable to spray in the morning or evening to prevent human exposure and leaf burn.
Before transplanting, thoroughly water the seedlings and apply the required pesticide to ensure they are healthy and ready for the field.
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