Dairy cows require a significant amount of water, more than many people realize. For example, a cow producing 30 kilograms of milk per day needs between 90 to 110 kilograms of water daily to meet its hydration needs. Young calves and yaks also have different water requirements. A one-month-old yak primarily gets its water from the milk it consumes. Calves aged 1 to 3 months need about 10 kilograms of water per day, while those between 3 to 6 months require around 15 kilograms. On average, young dairy calves consume about 30 kilograms of water each day. To ensure continuous access to clean water, dairy farms—whether large or small—can install automatic water fountains in barns. It’s also important to have fresh, clean water available at all times, so having a reliable water source or sink in the barn is essential.
During the summer, it's crucial to provide cows with additional water to help them cope with heat stress. Farmers can add substances like baking soda or vitamin C to their drinking water to support their health. Increasing the number of water troughs and encouraging frequent drinking can also help. In extremely hot weather, offering a cool, refreshing drink such as green bean soup can reduce heat stress and improve milk yield.
In winter and spring, dairy cows still need plenty of water, often just as much as in warmer seasons. If water supply is inadequate, it can lead to reduced milk production and other health issues. It's important not to let cows drink ice-cold water, as this can cause digestive problems and negatively impact milk output. Ideally, water temperature should be kept between 10°C and 25°C during colder months. Cows should have access to water throughout the day and should never be deprived of it.
After calving, it's beneficial to give cows a small amount of amniotic fluid to help with the birthing process. Some farmers use a hot water bottle placed between the cow's hind legs during winter to keep them comfortable, and cold water during summer for relief. This practice helps cows feel better and can boost milk production. For those with the resources, regular showers during the summer can enhance comfort and reduce heat stress, further supporting milk yield.
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