Rice is the primary grain crop in the Luan Lake and the southwestern part of Luhu Lake. It is known for its high yield and excellent commercial quality. However, in recent years, issues such as variety disorder and severe diseases have negatively impacted the income of rice farmers in these regions. To address this, it is essential to implement various seedling cultivation techniques that will lay a strong foundation for achieving high yields and stable production.
First, selecting high-quality rice varieties is crucial. Although Yuye No. 6 has some weaknesses in disease resistance, it offers excellent quality, high photosynthetic efficiency, and good compensatory ability, making it a top choice. It can be grown alongside other varieties like Lindao 11, Zhendao 88, and Shengao 806, depending on specific needs or orders. Special types such as Shengdao 301, Xiangyu 9407, and glutinous rice may also be planted to meet market demands and increase farmers' income.
Second, deep plowing of the fields and proper drying of the soil are important. Deep plowing in reserved paddy fields helps improve soil structure, enhance water and nutrient retention, and boost the resilience of seedlings. This practice significantly contributes to the development of strong and healthy rice plants.
Third, proper seed processing is necessary. Before the fall seeding period, seeds should be dried for 2-3 days on sunny days to improve germination rates. Soaking seeds in a solution of 10% seed oil (2ml) mixed with 5% fipronil (5-10ml) in 6-8kg of water for 5-7 days can effectively prevent diseases like bakanae, dry-needle nematode, and early infestations of planthoppers.
Fourth, appropriate seedling time and nurturing are vital. In the Lunan and southwestern Shandong regions, the best time to start seedlings is around May 1st, with an ideal seedling age of about 45 days. Local farmers should adjust planting schedules based on their transplanting plans to avoid weak or overly old seedlings.
Dry seedlings, which are smaller, have yellow-green leaves, and are more mature, can reduce the attraction of SBPH and offer better resistance to infections, playing a key role in reducing the occurrence of rice stripe disease. This method offers benefits such as quick establishment and high survival rates. Villages with the capacity should actively promote dry seedling practices.
Fifth, applying base fertilizer properly and preparing the seedbed well is essential. A formula fertilization approach includes applying 10 kg of urea (or 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate), 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate. These should be evenly spread in the top 10 cm of soil, followed by watering. The surface should be smooth and level, with a board width of 1.5 meters and length of 30 meters. Ditches should be dug to a depth of about 20 cm to allow natural drainage.
Sixth, precise seeding and timely coverage are important. The recommended amount of seed per acre is 25-30 kg. Seeds should be weighed and evenly distributed according to the plate size. When the seedbed is neither too hard nor too soft (half the seed is embedded in the mud), the seeds should be sown. After seeding, the soil should be covered with sifted soil or fine soil, not unprocessed ash or organic fertilizer. The covering layer should be 1-1.5 cm thick to protect the seedlings.
Seventh, using insect-proof nets for seedlings is highly effective. These nets prevent direct contact between planthoppers and young rice plants, interrupting the transmission route of rice stripe disease, thereby reducing its occurrence and damage.
Eighth, managing the seedbeds carefully is essential. Water and fertilizer management should involve keeping the surface moist in the early stages, alternating between dry and wet conditions later. Urea at 10 kg per acre should be applied as tiller fertilizer from the one-leaf to three-leaf stage. No additional nitrogen fertilizers should be used, especially no further application of slow-release fertilizers. Weeding should be done by spraying 35.75% dragon's wettable powder (150-200g per 30-40kg of water) 2-5 days after sowing. For broad-leaved weeds, 36% Lingxiu or 32% Zhiduoxin WP can be used. Timely pest control and disease prevention measures should also be implemented to ensure healthy growth.
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