Rapeseed is susceptible to freezing injury under low temperature conditions, especially rape which is better in autumn, and is more susceptible to low temperature freezing damage due to green leaves and leaves. According to the survey, the degree of frost and rapeseed seedlings are strong, the terrain is high and the soil moisture, transplant quality have a great relationship, good early antifreeze is to consolidate the results of autumn, seize the important part of rapeseed high yield in the coming year.
Improve cold resistance
Different measures are taken for different seedlings to ensure that the seedlings of rapeseed are overwintering, which is the fundamental measure against low temperatures. Generally before the winter weak seedlings to increase the application of organic fertilizer mainly for more pre-winter rooted leaves. The farmer said that “multiple leaves before winter and multiple branches after year†mean that in rapeseed production, the number of branches after the Spring Festival is inseparable with the number of leaves before the Spring Festival. However, during the overwintering period of rapeseed, the leaves are most susceptible to freezing and death, resulting in a decrease in the number of branches after the year and a direct impact on the yield. Therefore, we must do everything possible before the Spring Festival to make its roots. For the long seedlings before winter, in the light snow to the winter solstice stage, the cultivator can turn the soil about 10 cm deep in the row of rapeseed, cut off the roots of the branches, reduce its nitrogen uptake capacity, and promote the accumulation of organic matter such as sugar in rapeseed plants to improve the cold resistance. ability. For rapeseed cultivating soil, thickening the root soil layer, it has a certain role in blocking the cold wind invasion and improving the ability of endothermic insulation and cold resistance. Especially after the tall seedlings have cultivated the soil, the roots and stems are shortened, which is conducive to heat preservation. After entering the winter season, especially before the cold invasion, controlling the available nitrogen fertilizer will help to control the growth of the nutrient area of ​​rapeseed, so that the waxy layer of rapeseed can be thickened, which is beneficial to the improvement of cold resistance.
Early application of fertilizer, heavy wax fertilizer
To increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the wax, in order to increase the thickness of the wax layer of the leaf. It is best to apply the wax fertilizer before the onset of the cold wave. In the early winter, additional organic manure such as pig cow dung or earth miscellaneous fertilizer is applied between rows of rapeseed, which can increase the ground temperature by 2°C~3°C, and can also exert the effect of using waxy spring. It is advisable to use 1000-1500 kilograms of pig cow manure or 2000-2,500 kilograms of miscellaneous fertilizer. Potassium can increase the concentration of plant cells and enhance the cold resistance of cells. In general, 5 to 8 kg of potassium chloride and 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate are applied to each acre of acre. Plant ash is rich in potassium and strong in heat preservation. When the weather suddenly turns cold and other measures are too late to be taken, a layer of grass and wood ash can be sprinkled on the leaves and fields of rapeseed, which can not only protect the leaves, but also increase the soil's endothermic performance and increase soil temperature.
Foliar spraying fertilizer
Phosphate fertilizer sprayed on the leaves of rapeseed can significantly increase the thickness of the leaf wax layer, and has a significant effect on cold resistance. Generally due to the low temperature purple leaves, spraying phosphate fertilizer can restore normal green color after 5 days, and can tolerate -5 °C low temperature invasion. Specific methods: Use 2 kg of superphosphate or 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, soak in 30-40 kg of water for 1 week, filter off the fertilizer slag, spray on the foliage, spray it once every 7 days, spray The focus of the application is on rapeseed fields that appear green due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer. For rape with weaker growth, 0.1-0.2 kg of urea can be added to the phosphate fertilizer to promote the growth of the rape leaf, so as to improve the ability of the leaf to produce a wax layer and enhance cold resistance.
Pest control
Early prevention and control of rape aphids, cabbage caterpillars and other pests, promote the robust growth of rape, can effectively improve its cold resistance. Generally, 80% of dichlorvos emulsion or 40% of dimethoate emulsion is sprayed with 1000 times per mu, and chrysanthemum oil, crystal trichlorfon and the like can also be used to not only kill pests, but also reduce occurrence of rape virus diseases transmitted by roundworm. Probability.
Early prevention and early flowering, reduce nutrient consumption
For rapeseed sown prematurely, with low water and fertilizer, and with too high density, rapeseed fields with high temperatures in winter, degraded varieties, and late planting in late winter are susceptible to early onset and early flowering in winter. Once discovered, they should be immediately removed. Timely application of ammonium bicarbonate 10-15 kg per acre (pour water) promotes vegetative growth, inhibits reproductive growth, allows plants to rapidly increase leaves, accumulate nutrients, improve cold resistance, and safely overwinter.
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