As a greenhouse construction project with permanent protection facilities, its one-time investment, operating costs, and energy consumption far exceed the production and cultivation of land. Therefore, before deciding to build a greenhouse, all stages of construction must be carefully planned. This needs to consider the following basic elements.
4.1 The choice of venue
The location of the construction of the greenhouse is selected mainly in consideration of climate, topography, geology, soil, and water, heating, electricity, transportation and other conditions.
(I) Climate conditions
Climate conditions are one of the important factors affecting the safety and economy of greenhouses. They include temperature, light, wind, snow, hail and air quality.
1 Temperature: On the basis of grasping the temperature change process in each possible greenhouse area, we will focus on estimating the possible heating in winter and energy consumption in summer cooling. When there is no temperature change process data, it can focus on its latitude and altitude to conduct comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the main influencing factors of temperature around the surrounding oceans, mountains, and forests.
2 Illumination: Light intensity and light hours have a very important influence on the photosynthesis and indoor temperature of plants in the greenhouse. It is mainly affected by geographical location and air quality.
3 Wind: The distribution of wind speed, wind direction and wind band must also be considered when selecting a site. For greenhouses mainly used for winter production in greenhouses or cold regions, leeward and sunny areas should be selected for construction; greenhouses produced throughout the year should also pay attention to using the dominant summer wind direction for natural ventilation, and avoid building greenhouses in strong winds or strong winds. To facilitate the safety of the greenhouse structure; to avoid the construction of greenhouses in the cold winter months, in order to facilitate the winter insulation and energy conservation. For a greenhouse, excessive wind vibration can affect its useful life. Since there is more northwesterly wind in northern China in winter, general courtyard greenhouses should be built on the south side of houses; large-scale greenhouse groups should be selected where there are natural artificial barriers on the north, and other three-sided barriers should be kept away from greenhouses to avoid affecting light.
4 Snow: Structurally, snow pressure is the main load for a light-weight structure such as a greenhouse, especially for large and medium-sized multi-span greenhouses that are difficult to discharge snow.
5雹: The safety of ordinary glass greenhouses is of utmost importance. It is necessary to determine the possible hazards of hail based on meteorological data and local area surveys, so that ordinary glass greenhouses can be avoided from being built in areas that may cause lyrical damage.
6 Air quality: The quality of air depends mainly on the degree of atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric pollutants are mainly ozone, perchloric acetyl nitrates (PAN), and sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, ethylene, ammonia, and mercury vapor. These pollutions caused by cities, mines, and mines have serious damage to different growth periods of plants. Coal smoke, dust from industrial and mining mines, and dust from dirt roads fall on greenhouses, which can seriously reduce the amount of sunlight that enters the greenhouse. The cloudiness of water vapor above the thermal power plant in cold days can cause partial shading. Therefore, in the site selection, urban pollution areas should be avoided as far as possible, and the winds should be selected in the towns, mines and mines where the above pollution is caused, and in areas with good air circulation. When surveying and understanding, it is necessary to pay attention to whether or not the buildings near the site are affected by highways, industrial and mining dust, and their severity.
(b) Topography and geological conditions
The flat terrain facilitates cost savings and ease of management. At the same time, the slope of a single greenhouse will affect the uniformity of the indoor temperature. If the ground slope is too small, the drainage of the greenhouse will be poor. It is generally believed that the floor should be no more than 1%. The slope is appropriate. It is necessary to avoid building greenhouse groups on slopes that lean toward the north to avoid causing sunlight and increasing the floor area.
For the address of the glasshouse, it is necessary to conduct geological surveys and explorations to avoid uneven settlement due to local weak zones, different bearing capacity foundations and other reasons, and to ensure greenhouse safety.
(c) Soil conditions
For the soil-growing greenhouses, due to the long-term high-density planting in the room, the ground soil should be selected. The basic principle for selection is: In terms of soil chemical properties, the ability of sand to store cations is poor and nutrient content is low. However, nutrient delivery is fast. Clay, on the other hand, requires a low total amount of artificial fertilizer. For modern high-density crops, it is necessary to accurately and quickly achieve the effect of fertilization, so the choice of sand is more appropriate; the physical properties of the soil include the quality of the soil pellet structure, the speed of percolation and drainage, the strength of the soil's water absorption, and the soil's Breathability and so on are all closely related to the economic benefits of greenhouse construction. When selecting soils, soils with lower soil improvement costs and higher yields should be selected. It is worth noting that soils with poor drainage performance are more difficult to improve than fertility-deficient soils.
(d) Water, electricity and transportation
1 Water: The quantity and quality of water are also factors that must be considered when selecting a greenhouse. Although indoor ground evaporation and crop transpiration are much smaller than exposed land, the amount of water and water used for irrigation, hydroponic, heating, and cooling must be guaranteed, especially for large greenhouse groups. More important. To avoid placing greenhouses downstream of polluted water sources, at the same time, there must be water conservancy facilities that are convenient for drainage and irrigation.
2 Electricity: For large-scale greenhouses, electricity is one of the prerequisites. In particular, greenhouses with heating, cooling, artificial lighting, and nutrient circulatory systems should have reliable and stable power supplies to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
3 Transportation: If greenhouse products can be transported to the consumption place in time, they can ensure the freshness of the products and reduce the cost of preservation management. Therefore, the greenhouses should be chosen in a convenient location, but should avoid the main roads to prevent traffic accidents. , dust pollution cover material.
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