Some people eat three meals a day, but still find themselves reaching for a snack after dark. Late-night eating is not just a bad habit—it can disrupt sleep, lead to weight gain, and even earn someone the label of being a glutton. Scientists have found that this midnight snacking might be rooted in genetic factors.
In a recent study, researchers examined the genes and behaviors of mice and discovered that when their circadian "biological clock" genes are altered, the mice develop symptoms similar to those seen in overweight humans—like diabetes, high cholesterol, and increased body weight. These genetically modified mice don’t follow a normal sleep pattern. Instead, they stay active during the night and show no signs of tiredness.
The levels of two key hormones—leptin and ghrelin—are also disrupted in these mice. Leptin helps signal fullness, while ghrelin stimulates hunger. When these hormones are out of balance, it’s easy to overeat. As a result, the mice tend to consume more food than usual, leading to weight gain and metabolic issues.
Experts believe that the brain's sleep-regulating system plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and metabolism. This system is influenced by the body’s internal clock. If the circadian genes are faulty, it can throw off both hunger signals and how the body processes food.
Dr. Joseph Bass, an assistant professor at Northwestern University, explains, “When the body’s biological clock is out of sync, it can cause weight gain and other metabolic problems, including diabetes.â€
This research was conducted by scientists from Northwestern University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The findings were published in the latest issue of *Science*, offering new insights into how our genes influence eating habits and overall health. Understanding this connection could one day help people better manage their diets and improve their well-being.
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