Spot blotch is the most significant disease affecting stevia cultivation. Over time, as planting periods have extended, the disease has become more severe in recent years, posing a serious threat to both the yield and quality of stevia crops. In the early stages of infection, brown spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand into larger lesions or nearly circular spots. As the disease progresses, multiple dark spots develop, and the affected leaves eventually turn yellow and fall off prematurely.
â— Characteristics of the Disease
First, the disease is widespread, with almost every stevia field experiencing some level of infection. Second, it has a long-term impact cycle, as the pathogen can affect the plant throughout its entire growth period. During autumn cuttings, the pathogen can enter the seedbed and spread through infected leaves on the cutting seedlings. The symptoms are usually mild during the cold season in winter and spring, but once planting resumes in spring, rising temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for the disease to spread rapidly between June and July, reaching its peak during this period. Third, there is variation in disease severity among different stevia varieties.
â— Prevention and Control Measures
To prevent spot blotch in stevia, several strategies should be implemented. First, crop rotation is essential. Seedbeds should be carefully selected to minimize the risk of bacterial spread through soil, and disease-free cuttings should be used whenever possible. When feasible, dry crop rotation should be adopted. Second, proper field management plays a key role. Deep plowing of the soil, watering around the rhizosphere rather than flooding, and ensuring good ventilation to reduce humidity are all important practices. Infected plants should be removed promptly to prevent further spread. Third, chemical control measures may be necessary. Pesticides should be applied proactively when weather conditions favor disease development, and continuous monitoring and treatment should be carried out once the disease appears. Some stevia varieties are sensitive to certain fungicides like mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl, so it's crucial to conduct small-scale trials before applying them widely to ensure safety and effectiveness.
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