Spot blotch is one of the most significant diseases affecting stevia cultivation. Over recent years, as planting periods have extended, the disease has become more severe, posing a serious threat to both the yield and quality of stevia crops. In the early stages, the disease manifests as brown spots on the leaves, which gradually expand into larger, irregular or nearly circular lesions. As the disease progresses, multiple dark spots appear, and the infection spreads upward, eventually causing premature leaf drop.
â— Characteristics of the Disease
First, the disease is widespread, with almost every stevia field showing some level of infection. Second, it has a long-lasting impact, as the pathogen can affect the plant throughout its entire growth cycle. During autumn cuttings, the pathogen can enter the seedbeds and spread through infected leaves on the cutting seedlings. The symptoms are usually mild during the cold seasons of winter and spring, but once planting resumes in spring, rising temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for rapid disease spread, typically peaking between June and July. Third, there is variation in susceptibility among different stevia varieties.
â— Prevention and Control Measures
To prevent and manage stevia spot blotch, several strategies can be implemented. First, crop rotation is essential. Seedbeds should be carefully selected to minimize the risk of bacterial spread through contaminated soil. It is recommended to use disease-free cuttings whenever possible. If conditions allow, implementing a dry crop rotation system can help reduce the buildup of pathogens. Second, effective field management is crucial. Deep plowing of the soil, watering around the rhizosphere rather than flooding, and ensuring proper ventilation to reduce humidity are all important practices. Infected plants should be promptly removed to prevent further spread. Third, chemical control plays a key role. When environmental conditions favor disease development, it is advisable to apply fungicides early. Once the disease appears, continuous treatment in the field is necessary. Some stevia varieties are sensitive to certain chemicals like mancozeb or thiophanate-methyl, so it's important to conduct small-scale trials first to ensure safety before full application. By combining these approaches, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of spot blotch and improve overall crop health.
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