Mountain apricots are widely distributed in the mountains in the south of the county, especially since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests in our county since 1999, and planting a large area of ​​hillside forest. At present, most of the forests have become fruits, but the economic benefits are very low. In order to cultivate forestry follow-up industries and increase the economic income of farmers in the mountainous areas, grafting large flat apricots with mountain apricots has high economic value. Big flat apricot has the characteristics of strong adaptability, rapid growth, long life, early results, etc. It is a “iron crop†that is planted for one year, benefited for a hundred years, and preserved in droughts and floods. For this reason, grafting large flat apricots with mountain apricots is an accelerated economic forest in the southern mountainous area of ​​our county. The construction of bases and the cultivation of forestry follow-up industries are urgent tasks.
First, scion collection, storage and transportation
1, scion collection
Generally, in the middle and late March of that year, the 1-year-old shoots of the fine big apricot tree are cut. From the surface, the skin of the scion is not tanned, bright and fresh, and the hand is smooth; when the skin is peeled off, the phloem is still pale green. Non-brown, unpeeled, well-growth, full shoots, and pest-free shoots, such scions can be used.
2. Storage of scion
The collected scion should be stored in a cool, damp cellar or cave, and the lower part of the scion should be buried in wet sand and regularly sprayed with moisture. During storage, attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling, especially after mid-April. At night, the kiln door and ventilation holes should be opened for ventilation. During the day, the kiln door and ventilation holes should be closed to prevent the intrusion of hot air from outside. The scion should be protected from water loss, air drying, or moldy rotting due to high temperature and humidity during storage.
3, scion transport
If the scion is to be transported from a field, the long-distance transportation must be properly packed. It is advisable to use 500-1000 sticks per package according to the apricot soil management requirements. Scion cut mouth is best to use a wax seal, packed in straw bags, filled with wet grass, with a variety of labels, indicate the place of origin, quickly shipped back, on the way to carry out water moisturizing, prevent scald dehydration dry or hot and mildew.
Second, the grafting time
When grafting is not in violation of agriculture, all grafting methods have appropriate grafting periods. Grafting too early or late affects grafting effects in varying degrees. Usually from April 10 to May 10, because the air temperature and soil temperature at this time are suitable for the formation of callus, the callus takes a long time, the scions are easy to dry and die, the grafting time is too late, and the rootstock is blossomed. Or branching and consuming most of the nutrients, the scion has sprouted and peeled not only has low graft survival rate but also has poor growth and development.
Third, grafting technology
The apricot afforestation in the mountains of the southern part of our county has been more than 3 years, so the center is relatively thick, and the main lateral branch is born. In addition to the central dry head, the main branch must be replaced on the main branch. The main lateral branches have reached 3-. 5cm thick, so generally take the method of cutting and splicing.
1, cut
Choose strong, well-rounded shoots for scion. Hold the scion upside down, cut a straight 2-3cm section at the lower end, and cut a 45-degree incline on the other side, and then cut 1-3 buds. Rootstocks were cut from the selected grafting sites, and the cuts were flattened. The smooth surface of the trunk was selected, and the xylem was slightly cut and cut 2-3 cm vertically. Immediately after the scion's upper long noodles are attached to the rootstock's large noodles into the anvil incision, the rootstock and the scion of the formation of the two sides of the alignment, the scion of the upper end of the surface to expose 0.1-0.2cm, and then tied with plastic film strips.
2, splicing
Suitable for coarse rootstocks or high head replacements. First cut or cut the rootstock 6-10cm from the ground, cut the surface with a knife to facilitate healing. Cut about 3 cm deep from the center line of the cut surface, and cut it flat on both sides with a knife. Hold the scion upside down and cut the wedge-shaped noodles that are slightly thicker on one side and 3 cm thick on the other side. Leave 1-2 buds cut off. Insert the thicker side of the scion outwards and the thin side inwards. Align the rootstock and scion layer, and cut the top side of the cuttings above 0.1cm above the rootstock, then tie them with plastic film strips. The thicker rootstocks can be inserted into two scions on both sides of the cornice, and then they are selected to grow and maintain the buds.
IV. Grafting Precautions
1, grafting techniques to be proficient
The grafting action should be rapid, the knife should be quick, the noodles should be smooth, and the exposure time of the noodles in the air should be shortened as much as possible. When grafting, it is necessary to process the rootstock first. Because the rootstock has a root system, it can continuously supply water and then scion, prevent the scion from losing water and affect the survival of grafting.
2, the grafting site should be low
Regardless of the kind of grafting method, the lower the grafting area, the better. Because the closer to the root, the thicker the cortex, the higher the moisture content, so grafting is easy to survive. The closer to the root, the younger the developmental age of trees, the longer the length of new branches after grafting, and the longer life span. Grafting sites with low sprouting less, reduce the use of labor.
3, pay attention to the moisturizing joint
According to the observation of the staff of the China Agricultural Network, 2-3 d after grafting, due to necrosis and death of the surface cells of the scion and rootstock, a layer of light brown septum was formed. After 4-5 days, the septum gradually disappeared, and after 7 days, a small amount grew. In the callus, the callus formation of the scion reached its peak after 10 days. At this time, if the rootstock did not produce callus, the callus produced by the scion would gradually shrink and die. If the rootstock has produced callus, and the scion is dry due to water loss, grafting will not succeed. Due to the continuous supply of water and nutrients from the roots, the callus formed after 10 days continued to grow, and the number was much larger than the number of scions. Generally, about half a month later, the callus of the scions and rootstocks can be basically linked. In this period before the scion and the rootstock have yet to be connected, the scion is "wood without roots", so during this period, great attention must be paid to the hydration of the joint and the scion.
4, timely patch
In the spring grafting, a portion of the extra scion should be prepared and used as a supplement. After a certain period of time after grafting, a thorough and comprehensive inspection must be carried out, and timely grafting should be carried out on the grafted rootstocks.
V. Management after Grafting
1, remove buds and wipe buds
The latent buds on grafted rootstocks germinate to produce sprouts. In order to concentrate the nutrients and water supply to survive the grafting and survival of the new shoots, the need to prevent the sprouts and nutrients and water from being consumed is required to be clear at any time after grafting. After grafting to survive, the excess shoots on the scion are erased, leaving 1 bud to promote its accelerated growth.
2, release the ties
Above the ground, branches and buds are to be grafted. The plastic strips are used as the lashing materials. After the grafting survives, when the new branches grow to about 50 cm in height, the ligatures must be released. Otherwise, scars will develop at the joints, affecting the growth and even the wind. Broken. The method of releasing the plastic lashings can be cut by one side with a sharp knife.
3, set the rod
After grafting, the saplings grow vigorously, the callus at the binding site is very fragile, and they are easily blown by the wind and the humans and animals are knocked off. Therefore, when the new shoots grow to a height of about 30-50 cm after grafting, they should be tied in time. To prevent the wind.
4, strengthen parenting management
After grafting, the interface is healed, and the vigorous growth of the new shoots consumes nutrients and water. High-yielding cultivation techniques of apricot trees must be carried out in time after the grafting, so as to promote the rapid growth of new shoots.
5, fertilization and pest control
The grafted seedlings were vigorously growing in combination with water-saving topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Timely control of seedling diseases such as beetles, leaf-worms, aphids, and bacterial perforation.
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