Apricot trees have the characteristics of secondary branching and tertiary branching. If they are allowed to grow, many useless shoots will be produced, resulting in canopy closure and poor internal lighting. This will result in a waste of tree nutrients and a great deal of flower dysplasia. Seriously affecting the yield and quality of apricot. Winter cutting of apricot trees can play a role in concentrating the nutrition of the tree, balancing the tree vigor, and increasing the yield.
First, the tree
At present, the most commonly used tree in the production of the main branch is happy layered, the tree structure is the center without the trunk, the main branch of 4 to 6, the main branch with the back branch for the first 3 times, in order to increase the open angle of the branches, so that The main branch grows slightly obliquely upward. Each main branch has 5 to 6 lateral branch or large fruiting branch groups, which are divided into 2 to 3 floors and extend obliquely outward. The shape of the crown is larger and smaller, and the branches are distributed densely on the lower part, densely on the outer part, and dense on the upper branch. The tree shape is characterized by strong and strong backbone branches and strong growth potential.
Second, winter pruning
(A) Saplings and Early Fruiting Periods Apricots growing vigorously during the sapling and early fruiting stages have a rapid expansion of the canopy, a large shoot growth, and often two or three branches. This trim should take into account the plastic and the results. For the main and lateral branch extensions should be lightly cut long, generally 2/3 of the length of the entire branch short. Weed out densely crowded branches, cross branches, overlapping branches and disturbed tree-like strong branches, and controlled competition branches and erect standing branches. Apricot tree hi light, in the plastic stage, pruning should pay attention to remove the upper dense crowded shoots, so that the crown canopy air ventilation. For the development of the golden mean, the development of the open angle branches should be put slowly, and promote the germination of short branches, increase the number of branches, flowering or the results of timely retraction after cultivation into the result Zhizu. The middle and short branches are large in angle and it is easy to form flowers. They should be kept as far as possible so as to facilitate early fruit and high yield. For young trees with weaker growth, appropriate branches, short cuts, sparse and weak branches should be eliminated, and more robust branches should be kept. Standing trees should be used as auxiliary branches to promote medium and short fruit branches.
(b) The fruit shaping task of apricot trees in the fruit period of fruit trees has been basically completed. As the age increases, the yield rises and gradually stabilizes, the growth potential weakens, and the tree vigor gradually eases. The main tasks of this period of pruning are the relationship between rapid growth and results, maintenance of tree vigor, and prolongation of the fruiting period. When pruning, according to the situation of branches, the space of each part of the canopy, appropriate density, cut off weak, in order to maintain a stable result position and growth potential. For the extension branches at all levels, they are generally short-cut (cut to 1/3 to 2/3 of the original year's shoots), allowing them to continue to develop robust new shoots. The main branch, lateral branch, perennial auxiliary branch, resulting branch group, and pendulous branch of the debilitating branch are retracted or elevated at the point where there is a strong branch, so that the growth potential is restored. For the lower part of the canopy and the internal malleolus, grasp the lateral branches, the secondary lateral branches, and the staggered lengths of the branches in the trimming staggered to make full use of the front and rear spaces. The lower oblique shoots of the lower layer should be cut short to keep them healthy and gradually cultivate into branches. The lower skirts are retracted to raise the angle. On the back of the lower branches as far as possible to stay straight oblique, change direction, select the remaining branches on the back to choose strong, stay short, and should not be over, so as not to affect the principle of light. For the lower branches, if there is space, stay weak and stay strong. If there is no space, remove it. For the middle and short branches in the lower part of the canopy, due to their complete flowering and strong fruiting capacity, they should stay in due time and pay attention to timely rejuvenation. Extend the light of the internal condyle by retracting or removing the dense and vigorous branches on the upper part and the periphery of the canopy. If there is space, pull branches on strong branches and upright branches and auxiliary branches to make them become golden branches and increase the result area. Apricot trees have weak branching ability, so long as they are not too dense, they are generally not to be removed. Short branches can be made to send a small amount of long branches and promote the middle and lower branches to pick up short and middle branches.
(3) During the aging period of senescence period, apricot prolonged branches became weaker, new shoots became shorter, and stems began to droop. Bareness began to appear within the crown, almost only on the outer surface of the canopy, and yield and quality decreased. The main task of this period of pruning is to update the branches and branches of branches, strengthen and restore the tree vigor, and extend the economic life cycle. To use the small, well-developed back-to-back branches in the lower middle part, or to retract on the more upright branches, prompt the buds to germinate and renew. Appropriate branches with appropriate positions were cultured as shoot branches and fruiting branches with pull branches, short cuts, and summer picking. For the result sticks and result sticks, in line with the principle of “weaken and stay strongâ€, we choose to retain the strong sticks and strong buds for the update and pruning. If the tree vigor is extremely weak and the updating is ineffective, full-tree regeneration can be performed on the main lateral branches and large branch groups in the 10-15 year old under the premise of strengthening the management of fertilizer and water. Once completed, a large number of new shoots can be sprouted; Buds, toppings, and pruning in winter pruning can result in flowering in the second year and a certain amount of output in the third year.
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