With the adjustment of the agricultural structure, the pig-breeding industry has become a pillar industry for poverty alleviation in rural areas. The piglet "Sancha" is a common and frequently-occurring disease in pig production. In recent years, the disease has become more and more serious in some areas and pig farms. The incidence rate is high and the death rate is fast. This not only brings huge economic losses to the pig industry, but also seriously threatens the healthy development of the pig industry. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of the "three evils." The prevention and control points for the disease will now be elaborated for reference only.
1 Causes of piglet white, yellow and cylinder bores
Piglets in the ileum have not yet developed a stable micro-ecological system, their own resistance is low, sensitive to external environmental stimuli, susceptible to a variety of microbial invasion and a variety of factors.
1.1 The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the rearing environment
The pathogenic microorganisms mainly refer to infectious pathogens. The bacteria mainly include Escherichia coli, hemolytic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C acute infectious diseases, which are pathogenic to newborn piglets. First, piglets within one week of age, sucking the sow of the sow contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, the pathogenic microorganisms enter the digestive tract of the piglet. Since the digestive tract of piglets is not well developed, the function of gastric glands to secrete gastric acid is weak, and it is difficult to free hydrochloric acid. Inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and break down some of the milk into harmful substances. The second is that bacterial toxins stimulate the intestinal mucosa and cause intestinal catarrhal inflammation. Third, a large amount of gas is produced after fermentation and decay of the contents of the intestine, and it also increases irritation to the intestines, causing increased intestinal motility, resulting in absorption dysfunction and causing morbidity.
1.2 Piglet digestive insufficiency
Weaned piglets mainly change feed from feed to feed, plus weaning stress, which greatly reduces the level of enzymes. According to the data, after one week of weaning, various digestive enzyme activities reduced the pre-weaning level by 30%, resulting in less content of the enzyme and affecting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. After weaning piglets, due to gastric acid deficiency in the stomach, the pH value increases, the formation of pepsin decreases, the digestibility of protein in the feed decreases, and the incompletely digested feed provides favorable conditions for the propagation of intestinal pathogenic E. coli and harmful microorganisms. This inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus and causes morbidity.
1.3 Piglets' feeding environment is stressed
Because piglets have not yet developed their own immune system, digestive system and their enzyme systems, they are sensitive to various stress factors, such as separation of mothers after weaning, changes in feed, changes in environment, temperature and humidity, etc. Stress. Climate change, cold, low pig house temperature, so that piglets reduced feed intake, indigestion, resistance ~ decline, can cause piglets to occur "triple", this time is mainly due to the gradual reduction of breast milk metastatic antibodies, due to stress The existence of factors has led to a decrease in resistance, and several different serotypes of pathogenic E. coli have caused localized intestinal inflammation in the piglets and "triple tendons" have occurred.
1.4 Factors Affecting Suckling Sow
After the nursing sow is sick, the body temperature rises, causing physiological and metabolic disorders, causing milk degeneration, resulting in piglets indigestion, early-onset E. coli plucked into the masses, resulting in the occurrence of catarrhal inflammatory lesions in the entire intestinal tract of piglets. "Three chants." One is the poor absorption of bile; the other is the transfer of endotoxins produced by bacteria in the intestine to the blood, causing allergic reactions. When the gastric smooth muscle metamorphoses, vomiting occurs after suckling of the piglets: the jejunum secretes a large amount of mucus, which results in high permeability dehydration of the piglet, which causes the most incidence of the piglet within 7 weeks after birth, and the mortality is as high as 70%.
2 Popular features
2.1 White plague is most common in piglets 10 to 20 days of age and can occur throughout the year, with a high incidence but low mortality rates.
2.2 Astragalus membranaceus mainly occurs within 1 week, especially for 3-day-old piglets. The incidence and mortality are very high. The incidence of piglets over 7 days old is less. Sows carry pathogenic E. coli is the occurrence of the disease Key factor.
2.3 Hung Hom is mainly harmful to newborn piglets aged 1 to 3 days. The disease duration is short, the mortality rate is high, and piglets more than 7 days old are rarely affected.
3 characteristic symptoms and lesions
3.1 The occurrence of diarrhea in white diarrhea, excretion of gray, paste-like dilute feces, there is stench odor; intestines have different amounts of chyme and gas, intestinal mucosal congestion, bleeding, thinning of the intestinal wall.
3.2 Sudden onset of jaundice, discharge of yellow mucous thin feces or water samples, mixed with curd-like patches and bubbles; the intestines have a lot of yellow liquid content and gas, intestinal mucosa was acute catarrhal inflammation, with duodenum For the most serious, the jejunum and ileum, colon lighter.
3.3 Red wolfberry suddenly excreted bloody or red-brown loose stools, physical weakness, vomiting, and rapid death; lesions are mainly in the jejunum, the appearance of dark red, intestinal cavity filled with bloody fluid, mesenteric lymph nodes are bright red, and sometimes lesions Can be extended to the ileum, but generally no duodenal lesions.
4 laboratory diagnosis
4.1 Angelica can be isolated from the small intestine by E. coli and identified by serological methods.
4.2 Radix Astragali takes the contents of the anterior small intestine for bacterial isolation, culture and identification, and can also be used for determination of enterotoxins if conditions permit.
4.3 Red earthworms were used for serum neutralization experiments to determine the presence of toxins of Clostridium perfringens type C in the intestine of diseased pigs.
5 Prevention measures
Early onset: only diarrhea occurs, there is a certain appetite and desire for drinking, muscle or subcutaneous injection of sensitive antibiotics, 2 times a day, once every 2 to 3 days, while feeding antibiotics. Commonly used drug doses and methods, oral oxytetracycline 50 ~ 80mg/kg, 2 times a day, and even served 2 ~ 3d; neomycin oral, 40 ~ 50mg/kg, 2 times a day, and even served 2 ~ 3d; Nostastar powder mixed drink, add 50 ~ 150g per 50kg water, use after dissolution, once a day, once every 3 ~ 5d; ciprofloxacin lactate injection, muscle or intravenous injection of 1.0 ~ 1.5mL/kg, daily 2 times, use 2 to 3 days.
Mid-onset: In addition to the symptoms of diarrhea piglets appetite abandoned, physical weight loss, dehydration symptoms. Inject antibiotics at the same time, oral rehydration, oral rehydration salts, antibiotics, astringents, glucose, vitamins, according to the size of the pig's body weight, the use of gastric catheter once gavage 300 ~ 1000mL.
For severely depleted severely ill pigs, in addition to the above methods, intravenous infusion therapy should also be promptly treated. In the input glucose saline, add the appropriate amount of antibiotics, dexamethasone 2mL, 10% of vitamin C1 ~ 2mL; to prevent acidosis , 3% to 5% sodium bicarbonate should also be added.
Note that the difference between red clams (Clostridium perfringens) and blood stasis (spiral disease), once the diagnosis of blood stasis, it should be drug purification, available blood stasis net 1g/kg spices, even fed 30d; not eat the disease of milk The pigs were given a 0.5% sputum net solution, 0.25 mL/kg body weight once a day.
Chinese herbal medicine: Astragalus membranaceus caused by Escherichia coli, white peony, can use garlic therapy, with garlic 100g, chopped and added 50-degree white liquor 100mL, soaked for 3 to 5 days, take the immersion liquid per ml and add cold water 4mL after filling, each Head 2 times a day, and even served 2 ~ 3d; also available Bailong powder therapy, 2 copies of Pulsatilla, 1 mixture of gentian at the end, 1 times daily oral 3g, and even served 3d.
6 Prevention
6.1 Strengthening the feeding and management of sows during lactation
First, the sow lactation period, must feed the full price diet, do not arbitrarily change the diet and feed formula, feed quality is better, the energy can not be too high, limit the ratio of corn and other energy feed below 60%, crude egg content is not Less than 18%, to feed the amount of green feed; sows began to reduce the material before the 7th day of prenatal, do not feed on the day of the litter, so that the sow can evenly produce a good amount of milk with good quality, is conducive to digestion and absorption of piglets. The second is to ensure that the sow during lactation health and disease-free, to create a comfortable environment for sows in the summer to prevent the heat to cool, the winter can do a good job of cold and warm. The third is to do a good job of disinfecting, remove the manure in a timely manner, keep it clean, dry, and sanitary; the sow cleans the house 5 days before delivery and coats it with dry yarrow; on the day of production, the breasts and chest and abdomen of the sow are washed first. Disinfect with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 0.1% benzalkonium chloride and squeeze out a few drops of milk from each nipple. Then let the piglets feed on the milk; then sterilize the pig house and the environment once every 2 to 3 days. Pigs were sterilized once.
6.2 Improve Piglet Disease Resistance
In order to prevent the intestinal flora of piglets from being disordered and to prevent the occurrence of white fleas and jaundice, one must prevent the piglets from becoming white, and then use it. After the piglets are born, they are taken orally once a day, morning and evening, one tablet per piglet (0.5g), 2d, once every other week, can take 4 to 5 weeks; 2 to prevent piglets jaundice, piglets were born, with Bai You (Bayer) oral 1mL, with 50% bleomycin sow Nipples twice daily. It should be noted that antibiotics can no longer be used with bacterial preparations. The third is to open early birds, 7 days of feeding piglets, early exercise gastrointestinal function, and promote organ development, weaned piglets, add leomycin or 5% Pleacon in the feed, add 100g per 50kg feed , For 7 days, it can prevent the occurrence of "triple" in piglets.
6.3 vaccination immunity
Sow Immunity: Sow sow, piglets, red hydrazine aluminum hydroxide vaccine, intramuscular injection 2 times, the first time in prenatal 30d, the second in prenatal 15d, the amount is 5mL; by the production of sows, If pre-immunization has been immunized, it can be inoculated once in 15 days before birth, with an amount of 3 to 5 mL, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of piglets erythema; Sow immunization with K88, K99, K987 trivalent inactivated vaccine 15 to 20 days before the sow Or K88, K99 bivalent genetic engineering vaccine can prevent the occurrence of piglets jaundice and white diarrhea.
Piglet immunization: After the piglets were injected with anti-H. rubrum serum, 3 mL/kg body weight was used to prevent red piglets from developing.
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