Ginger, a scientific name, is a yam leaf that is perennial grass-wrapped lianas. With high medical value and economic benefits, the current cultivated area in Ankang City is 500,000 mu, accounting for half of the country's planting area, and it has a strong momentum of development. However, in the cultivation and management of yellow ginger, the damage is more serious than stem rot, and the loss is huge, which seriously affects the cultivation enthusiasm of ginger farmers.
First, the characteristics of damage
Ginger stem rot is a fungal disease caused by Fusarium. The bacterium is prone to decay in the soil for a long period of time. It is spread by water flow, tillage, and invade through the root stem wound or directly from the branch cracks and cracks at the base of the aging seedling stem. The occurrence of heavy rain, high humidity, high temperatures, extensive management, and poor ventilation caused the onset of severe disease. In the early stage of disease, water-stained lesions of different sizes are produced near the surface stalk, and then gradually expand. The lesions are gradually circumscribed on the base of the stem. The subcutaneous tissue is loose and black, and gradually rots. The shoots and leaves of the shoots are dark, and the stems are Withered, dead, but not fallen.
(1) From the perspective of farming methods, the long-term single-planting of turmeric has a heavy onset, whereas it is lighter. The second is that the fields in the paddy fields and dams are heavy and the incidence on the slopes is light. Third, the occurrence of ridges and ridges was light, flat, and incomplete.
(2) Reasonable application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, boron and zinc fertilizer, etc
(3) Yellow ginger is resistant to drought, fertilizer, water, and quail, and thus is severely affected by high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, and moisture retention. Conversely, it is light.
Second, comprehensive prevention and control measures
Based on the occurrence characteristics of stem rot of turmeric, the principle of taking agricultural technology as the main factor and supplementing chemical control as the supplement was adopted. Through the selection of disease-resistant varieties, reasonable fertilization, crop rotation, high-altitude ridge cultivation, scaffolding cultivation assisted by chemical control, the root rot of yellow ginger is effectively controlled.
(1) Select disease-free pest-free, mildew-free seed potatoes to ensure that the seedlings are fully grown. When sowing, 200 grams of carbendazim per 100 kilograms of seeds, add 100 kilograms of water, soak for 4 to 5 minutes, and then soak after sowing.
(2) When the disease is severely soiled and the soil preparation is completed, 70% thiophanate, 50% carbendazim, 50% dextromethorphan, or thiram, 1 kg to 1.5 kg of 30 kg ground soil are used per mu. Lime disinfection in acidic soils can prevent soil-borne diseases.
(3) Use two years of crop rotation with the grass crop.
(4) Apply rotten manure, increase soil organic matter, improve soil, re-apply phosphorus and potash, apply boron and zinc fertilizers, and increase plant resistance to disease. General Mushi farmyard fertilizer 1500 ~ 2000 kilograms, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 25 kilograms of potash or turmeric special fertilizer 75 to 100 kilograms, based on basal.
(5) Cultivation with ridges to improve soil aeration and promote underground stem growth. 1 meter wide for ridge, ridge height 20 centimeters, when the seedling height is 30 centimeters, press 4 bamboo sticks per square meter to form a "person" frame, promote ventilation, light and moisture flow, promote leaf photosynthesis, Disease prevention and control.
(6) Timely chemical control, at the early stage of disease, 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution, 50% carbendazim, 50% thiophanate and 86.2% copper master 500 to 800 times solution were used to irrigate the site of disease. 50 to 100 ml, once every 10 days, two consecutive times.
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