In addition to direct supply to the market, sweet corn spikes need to be quickly processed to maintain the high sugar content and freshness of sweet corn. Sweet corn products include canned sweet corn, frozen sweet corn, dehydrated sweet corn, and sweet corn beverages.
The main equipments for sweet corn canned sweet corn cans are: vacuum sealing machine, steam sandwich pot, autoclave and so on. Process technology points:
(1) Raw materials: It is required to harvest sweet corn ear with moderate maturity and the granules are tender and full;
(2) Peeling, dehairing: The skin and silk must be removed;
(3) threshing: it is an important part of the process, the use of machine threshing, operation should be timely adjustment of the cutter center hole benchmark to ensure the integrity of sweet corn, and promptly clean up the thresher;
(4) Washing: Wash the shredded sweet corn kernels and residual silk and impurities;
(5) Precooking: It is a key process for processing, aiming to inhibit the enzyme activity and sterilization of sweet corn, and maintain the unique color of sweet corn. Generally sweet corn kernels can be placed in 90-95°C water for about 5 minutes. Followed by canning, injection soup, vacuum sealing, 37 °C insulation inspection, labeling, finished product storage and other processes. At present, sweet corn canned only has corporate standards, and national standards have not yet been formulated. The quick-frozen sweet corn kernels are similar to the processed sweet corn cans. After precooking, the sweet corn kernels are drained by vibration and then enter the quick freezing process. During freezing, the maximum ice crystals are generated in a short period of time from 0 to 5°C. After cooling, the center temperature of the sweet corn that has been frozen by the quick freezing machine must be kept below -18°C to facilitate storage and transportation. Weighing and packing, inspection, and packing procedures are all performed at a packaging room below 10°C. Finally, it is stored in a low-temperature storage at -18°C and is for sale. The ear of sweet corn ear of sweet corn storage is not resistant to storage, production units are generally harvested the same day, the same day processing. If the processing speed can not keep up, sweet corn ear can be sent to the cold storage, storage temperature is 0 ~ 4 °C as well. The rapid decline in sugar content and the thickening of the seed coat are the main reasons for the deterioration of the quality of sweet corn after harvest. The reason is that the respiration consumes sugar and sugar converts into starch. According to reports in the literature, it is possible to preserve freshness for 6 to 8 days at 0°C. Changing the O2 and CO2 gas concentrations in the storage environment can effectively extend the shelf life of sweet corn. Modified atmosphere preservation methods, including plastic film packaging and polysaccharide coating. Chitosan obtained from chitin, due to its good film-forming and biochemical properties, can prevent spoilage without causing hypoxic respiration. It is non-toxic, odorless and easy to decompose. It has become an ideal coating material for fresh fruits and vegetables.
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