Overwintering spinach cultivation requires careful selection of varieties that can withstand cold temperatures and avoid early bolting. Common varieties often suffer from premature flowering after the spring thaw, which reduces both yield and quality. To ensure successful overwintering, it's essential to choose strong, mid-season, and late-maturing varieties with high cold tolerance, good growth performance, and high productivity. Examples include Round Leaf Spinach, Late Round Leaf Spinach, Huabo No. 1, and Liaoning Yuanye Spinach.
Choosing the right site is equally important. The location should be in an area suitable for producing pollution-free vegetables, ideally on a sunny, leeward slope with loose, fertile soil and good drainage. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral. After harvesting the previous crop, the field must be cleaned thoroughly, plowed deeply, and well-fertilized. It's recommended to apply 4,000 to 5,000 kg of well-decomposed organic manure per 666.7 square meters. Insufficient base fertilizer may lead to weak seedlings before winter, making them vulnerable to cold damage and increasing the risk of bolting in the following spring. The planting beds should be flat, about 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide.
Sowing time is crucial for overwintering spinach. Seeds should be sown in mid to late October or early November when the temperature is cool, which is ideal for germination. There’s generally no need for direct seeding unless the soil is dry. If the ground is dry, water should be applied first before sowing. Once seeds are sown, gently cover them with a thin layer of soil and then add a layer of compost or organic matter. Keep the soil consistently moist until the seedlings emerge. If sowing is delayed and temperatures drop, covering the seeds with plastic film or shade net can help speed up germination. Remove the cover once the seedlings appear. For each 666.7 square meters, use approximately 4 to 5 kg of seeds, and increase the amount if planting is delayed.
After planting, water lightly if the soil is dry to maintain moisture. When the plants have 3 to 4 true leaves, moderate watering helps promote root development, which is essential for winter survival. If the seedlings are too dense, thin them out at 2 to 3 true leaves, spacing them 3 to 5 cm apart. At this stage, you can apply top-dressing with diluted human urine or compost tea to support healthy growth. Monitor for pests like locusts and control them promptly. During frost or snowfall, cover the plants with plastic film or shade nets to protect them. It's also important to use floating row covers or small arches for extra protection. Overwintering spinach should receive sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic, and less inorganic fertilizer. Winter sunlight is limited, so excessive nitrate accumulation in leaves can occur. In spring, when temperatures rise, apply well-rotted manure to strengthen the plants and prevent early bolting.
Harvesting can be done in multiple batches depending on plant growth and market demand. It’s especially important to protect the spinach from freezing during the final harvest period, as frozen leaves can significantly reduce commercial value, yield, and quality. Plan the harvest to meet market needs around the Spring Festival period, ensuring timely and effective production.
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