The northern region experiences extremely cold winters and hot summers, which poses significant challenges for pig farming. To address these issues, a unique pig-raising structure known as the "large circle" has been introduced. This design effectively maintains a stable indoor temperature—about 10°C warmer than the outside in winter and 5°C cooler in summer. Its low construction cost makes it an ideal solution for rural areas in the north, where traditional housing often lacks proper insulation and cooling systems.
The large circular pigsty is typically oriented east-west, with a raised central area and lower sections on the north and south sides. The north-south walls are built to a height of 0.7 meters using masonry, and the gable and partition walls are also constructed from the same material. The roof is supported by eight beams—one for each side—and one central beam, which can be made of concrete or timber. A layer of asbestos or fiberglass tiles covers the upper floor, while a portion of the second floor (approximately 2/5 of the slope width) remains open to allow for natural ventilation.
During winter, plastic film is added to the top to capture sunlight and enhance insulation. In summer, the film is removed (except during heavy rain) to promote airflow through the structure. Outside the circle, grapevines are planted to provide natural shade and help reduce heat buildup. Inside the large circle, there are two rows of pens arranged north-south, with 10 pig stalls in total. Each stall measures 3.5 meters in length and width, giving an area of 12.25 square meters per pen. At each end of the corridor, there is a 1.2-meter-wide door. In colder seasons, only the eastern door is opened to maintain warmth, while in summer or during pig slaughter, doors on both ends can be fully opened for better ventilation.
Feed troughs are placed along both sides of the corridor, with reinforced partition walls to assist in feeding pigs. Near each trough, there is a gate facing the corridor, constructed with extra strength. Drinking spouts are installed on either the eastern or western side of the pig bar. The ceiling of the lap is 2.5 meters high, and the entire structure spans 17.5 meters in length.
In this large circle, 10 stalls are used for raising pigs. Each pen houses 10–12 adult pigs and approximately 20 small piglets. On the southern side of one row, sows are kept, with one sow or a pregnant sow per pen. Three to four pre-pregnant sows are housed in another section, while the northern side is designated for fattening pigs. This layout ensures efficient space utilization and supports different stages of pig development throughout the year.
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