During the dormant period (November to March of the following year), several key steps should be taken to prepare the jujube trees for the upcoming growing season. First, after the leaves have fallen, remove weeds and clear the area around the trees. Scrape the bark, prune dead branches, and sweep up all debris, burning it to eliminate overwintering pests such as leafhoppers, jujube tapeworms, beetles (including grey spot beetles), green thorn moths, and jujube nymphs and moths. This also helps control diseases like date rust, jujube anthracnose, and leaf spot.
Next, paint the trunks with a white wash to protect them from temperature fluctuations and pests. The mixture consists of 3-5 parts lime sulfur stock solution, 1 part salt, 10 parts quicklime, and 30 parts water. Apply this before freezing weather sets in and again in March. While painting the trunk, take the opportunity to brush off any winter shell insects, commonly known as "Zi Zizi."
Before the winter dormancy ends, deeply till the soil around the tree base and manually remove any pests found in the soil, such as jujube fruit borers, peach borers, small borers, and other harmful insects. In late November and early March, spray the entire tree with a 5-degree lime sulfur solution to control dry rot, leafhoppers, scale insects, and other pests.
In mid to late March, wrap a 6–10 cm wide plastic tape around the lower part of the trunk and roll it upward to prevent jujube budworms from climbing the tree. Additionally, tie a cypermethrin ring around the trunk, replacing it every 15 days to effectively kill pests like jujube fruit borers and jujube buds.
During the budding period in April, spray 0.3–0.5 degree lime sulfur at the start of growth to manage red spider mites and turtle wax. Use black light traps to capture adult Mythimna separata (cutworms). In mid to late April, apply either 5% chlorpyrifos EC diluted 1000 times or 50% malathion EC diluted 1000 times to control jujube fruit borer, starry night moth, jujube budworm, and other pests. In late April, sprinkle phoxim granules within one meter of the tree base to target emerging pests and jujube buds.
During the branching and leafing phase (mid-May), use a mixture of 2000 times diluted Eradication No. 3 and 200–300 times diluted Caltex enemy emulsifiable concentrate to control pests like jujube budworm, red spider, gypsy moth, and turtle wax moth. Repeat the application every 10 days for best results.
In the pre-flowering stage (late May), spray a 2000 times diluted dead net solution mixed with 10% nicotine emulsifiable concentrate to manage young wallworms, red spider mites, and armyworms. Disperse phoxim granules within one meter of the tree base after rain to target unearthed pests like peach borers. Spray a 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture to prevent fungal infections. Prune and burn wilted shoots to remove moth caterpillar larvae.
During the flowering period in June, manually collect and destroy adult beetles, macular mites, and jujube buds. In late June, spray a combination of 30% Peach Xiaoling (2000 times) and 25% Purobilene (2000 times) to control peach pests, juvenile armyworms, red spider mites, and other issues.
In the young fruit stage (July), use black light traps to catch adult moth caterpillars. Apply 30% Peach Xiaoling (2000 times) and 25% Purobilene (2000 times) to prevent and treat Prunus persicae and nymphs. In mid-July, spray 5% anti-Taibao EC (1000 times) plus thiophanate-methyl (800 times) or 40% Fuxing EC (6000 times) to control bollworms, date rust, jujube leaf scab, and anthracnose. In late July, spray Green Depot (400 times) plus 50% phoxim EC to manage rust, leaf spot, and other diseases.
During the fruit enlargement phase (August), begin by spraying a 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture. Combine fungicide sprays with 100–140 international units of streptomycin to protect the fruit. In mid-August, spray Polyana (from Japan) or polyoxorubicin to prevent early defoliation and spot diseases.
In the fruit coloring phase (September), spray carbendazim (600 times) plus 140 international units of agricultural streptomycin and 50% xin urea EC (1500 times) to manage jujube rust, anthracnose, fruit shrinking disease, peach fruit borer, and turtle wax. In mid-September, tie grass around the base of the trunk and major branches to trap and destroy jujube armyworms, flowerworms, dateworms, and red spider mites. In late September, spray 68.5% polyoxorubicin (1000 times) or M-45 (800 times) to prevent anthracnose and defoliation.
Finally, during the fruit ripening period in October, after harvest, spray the trees with 600 times carbendazim or 800 times thiophanate methyl to prevent future infections. Collect and destroy any remaining pests and diseased plant material to reduce the risk of re-infestation.
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