**Cultivation Techniques**
1. **Sowing Time**
The sowing of electric heating lines is typically done in mid to late December, depending on the local temperature. If the weather is not suitable, planting can be delayed until mid to late February. It’s important to choose the right time to ensure optimal growth conditions.
2. **Soil Conditions**
Selecting the right soil is crucial for successful eggplant cultivation. The ideal soil should be loose, fertile, well-drained, and have low salinity. Good drainage and irrigation facilities are also essential to prevent waterlogging and maintain soil health.
3. **Planting Density**
To promote healthy growth and ease of maintenance, the planting density should not be too high. A spacing of 45–50 cm between plants and 75–80 cm between rows is recommended. This allows proper air circulation and sunlight exposure.
4. **Fertilizer and Water Management**
Each standard greenhouse should be enriched with 20 bags of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer and 25 kg of compound fertilizer before planting. During the harvest period, top-dressing is necessary. Apply 5 kg of urea and 5 kg of potash every 7–10 days, based on plant growth. Consistent watering and fertilization during this phase are key to maintaining long-term high yields.
Watering should be done carefully. After transplanting, avoid overwatering until the seedlings are established. Once the plants show signs of growth (such as the "blinking" of tomato leaves), start watering every 4–5 days, depending on soil moisture. Proper hydration helps maintain fruit quality and shine.
5. **Pruning and Plant Training**
Remove all old leaves and lateral branches below the main stem. Retain 2–4 strong main branches on the upper part of the plant. After fruit set, leave 1–2 leaves on each side branch and remove any excess shoots. Regular pruning ensures better light penetration and reduces disease risk. In the middle to late growth stages, use stakes or strings to support the plants if needed.
6. **Temperature and Humidity Control**
Maintain a temperature range of 18–35°C. Ventilation should be carried out between 10–11 AM, and on sunny days, it can be extended slightly. Proper ventilation helps control humidity and prevents diseases such as mold.
7. **Hormone Treatment**
Apply a solution of 30–50 ppm tomato spirit (an anti-fall agent) to the flowers and stems. Dissolve the substance in a small amount of alcohol first, then dilute with water. Alternatively, use a 30–40 ppm 2,4-D solution on buds and pedicels. To prevent gray mold and Sclerotinia, add 1g/kg of Nulli Ling or Seconin to the solution.
8. **Pest and Disease Management**
In winter and spring, common issues in greenhouses include gray mold, Sclerotinia, and aphids. Regular monitoring is essential. If any problems are detected, treat them promptly using effective and low-toxicity pesticides to minimize damage.
9. **Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling**
Harvest eggplants early in the morning or late in the evening when temperatures are cooler. If possible, place harvested fruits in plastic bags with moisture to preserve freshness. Maintain an external temperature of 8–10°C during transportation to ensure quality and shelf life.
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