Tomato cultivation often encounters issues with abnormal fruit development, which not only affects yield and quality but also reduces the commercial value of the produce. These problems lead to significant economic losses for farmers. Understanding the causes and implementing proper management strategies is crucial for successful tomato farming.
1. **Deformed Fruits**
Abnormal fruit shapes are common, including peach-shaped, sharp-nosed fruits or oval-shaped ones, as well as tumor-like fruits that appear elongated. The main cause is usually low temperatures during flower bud differentiation. Additionally, improper use of growth regulators like 2,4-D—such as high concentrations or application after pollination—can lead to uneven fruit development. To prevent this, choose resistant varieties and remove deformed fruits early. Maintain greenhouse temperatures above 8°C between 25 to 48 days after sowing to ensure healthy flower bud formation.
2. **Hollow Fruits**
Hollow fruits occur when the fruit lacks internal structure, appearing empty between the skin and pulp. This can happen due to low temperatures during pollination, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, or poor nutrient balance during fruit development. Insufficient light and improper watering also contribute. To reduce hollow fruits, maintain optimal temperature and light conditions. Apply 15–20 ppm of reine (a plant growth regulator) after pollination to promote fruit enlargement. Ensure balanced NPK fertilization and proper irrigation practices.
3. **Unstable Fruits**
These are small, underdeveloped fruits that resemble a thumb or fossilized seedless fruits. They typically result from cold nights, insufficient light, poor pollination, or inadequate nutrient supply. To prevent this, keep the plants warm during flowering, improve lighting, and enhance photosynthesis. Providing adequate nutrients and performing artificial pollination can also help improve fruit set and development.
4. **Cracked Fruits**
Fruit cracking commonly occurs in the later stages of growth, with splits either radiating from the stem or forming concentric patterns. This issue is more frequent in summer open-field tomatoes and spring/autumn greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Cracking is caused by weak fruit skin elasticity, which cannot withstand the internal pressure. It often results from dry soil during early fruit development followed by sudden heavy watering, leading to rapid pulp growth. To prevent cracking, select resistant varieties, avoid extreme moisture fluctuations, protect fruits from direct sunlight, and apply boron fertilizer to strengthen the fruit peel.
Dehydrated Onion
Dehydrated onion products come in a diverse array of forms, each offering unique qualities and applications in culinary and industrial settings. Among the primary classifications are dehydrated onion flakes, slices, granules, and powder.
Onion flakes, characterized by their larger size and irregular shapes, retain a texture and visual appeal ideal for adding texture and bursts of flavor to dishes. Slices, typically larger and more uniform in shape than flakes, offer versatility in applications where a milder onion taste or distinct visual presence is desired.
Onion Granules, with their smaller, uniform particles, provide a balance between texture and easy dispersal, making them convenient for seasoning blends and mixes. Meanwhile, Onion Powder, finely ground and highly versatile, serves as a concentrated flavoring agent, seamlessly incorporating into sauces, seasonings, and marinades.
Each classification caters to specific culinary needs, allowing for precise flavor control, texture enhancement, and ease of use. The varying particle sizes and forms enable chefs, manufacturers, and consumers to select the most suitable variant for a wide range of culinary creations and industrial applications.
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