(a) Real Seedlings
The seeds of Syzygium rosenbergii are polyembryonic, meaning that multiple embryos can develop within a single seed. Seedlings grown from these heart embryos retain the genetic traits of the parent plant, making them ideal for propagation. However, distinguishing between seedlings developed from sexual embryos and those from the heart embryos is difficult morphologically. Additionally, sexual seedlings often exhibit significant variability after planting, which makes them unsuitable for commercial fruit production or proper stock cultivation. Lianwu, a related species, is rarely cultivated due to its small seed size and poor development. For Syzygium mongolica, it's essential to wait until the seeds are fully mature before harvesting. Fresh seeds have low germination rates, typically between 13% and 28%, but each seed can produce 3 to 4 independent seedlings. Rose apple seeds can be sown using methods similar to those used for litchi and longan. Germination usually occurs within a week, and once sprouted, careful attention must be given to fertilization, watering, and pest control. Thinning or transplanting should be done as needed to ensure healthy growth.
(b) Air Layering Seedlings
Air layering, also known as looping, is another effective propagation technique suitable for plants like Syzygium and rose apple. This method is simple and allows for rapid seedling development. However, it requires more materials and is less efficient for large-scale propagation. During the growing season, typically April to May, when sap flow is active and bark is easy to peel, select branches with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. Make a 2 to 3 cm wide circular cut at the base, then wrap the area with plastic film to maintain moisture. A rooting medium such as coconut coir mixed with compost is placed around the cut. After 1 to 2 months, new roots will appear. Once 2 to 3 roots have formed, the branch can be cut from the mother plant and transplanted into a nursery. This process may need to be repeated 2 or 3 times before the new shoots are ready for planting in the field.
(c) Cuttings and Seedlings
Cuttings are an efficient and cost-effective method for propagating Syzygium species, including Lianmian and Syzygium chinense. These plants root easily, making them ideal for producing large numbers of seedlings quickly. The best time for taking cuttings is just before the spring flush of new growth, when the branches are full of nutrients, soil temperatures are rising, and humidity is high. Cloudy days are preferable, as they reduce water loss through transpiration. Select branches that are 2 to 3 years old, and cut them into 15 to 20 cm sections. Insert about two-thirds of the cutting into a sand bed, ensuring proper shading and moisture. Protect against rot and disease, and after 1 to 2 months, roots should begin to form. Once 2 or 3 new shoots have developed and matured, the cuttings can be moved to the nursery and eventually planted in the field.
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