Oxya agavisa Tsai, belonging to the order Orthoptera and subfamily Acridoidea, is a unique grasshopper species endemic to China. It is commonly found in regions south of the Yangtze River basin, including Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, as well as eastern coastal areas, extending westward to Gansu and Sichuan. This insect primarily feeds on rice and bamboo, making it an important agricultural pest in these regions.
In terms of damage, nymphs feed on the leaves by chewing small holes, and under severe infestations, they can completely consume the leaf tissue, leaving only the central vein behind. The adults continue this feeding behavior, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality.
Morphologically, male adults measure 21–24 mm in body length, while females range from 25–29 mm. The forewings of males are 13–16 mm long, and females have longer forewings, measuring 17–20 mm. The body is short and robust, typically green or yellow-green, with a distinct wide dark brown band behind the eyes that extends forward across the back of the thoracic plate. Female forewings feature green veins in the hip area, with a brownish color elsewhere. The hind femora are either yellow-green or black at the knee, with the posterior surface being green. The antennae are filamentous and longer than the posterior edge of the prothorax. The lateral edges of the prothoracic plate are parallel, and the engraved points on the dorsal plate are slightly thickened. The forewings are shorter, reaching up to the knees of the hind legs.
In males, the anal plate is triangular, wider than it is long, with shallow lateral grooves near the base. The upper edge of the anal plate is slightly straight, and the tail is tapered, flat at the top with a slight depression in the center. The lower reproductive plate has a blunt, short taper at the top. In females, the leading edge of the forelimb has a weak spine, and the third and fourth abdominal segments feature sharp teeth in the rear and bottom corners. The fourth segment is large, and the ovipositor flap has unevenly sized blunt teeth. The inner edge of the flap contains one large tooth, while the end of the lower reproductive plate has two thick lateral ridges with dentate edges. A triangular protrusion appears in the middle of the posterior edge of the lower reproductive plate, with two closely spaced teeth on each side.
In terms of life habits, Oxya agavisa completes one generation per year in Henan Province, with eggs overwintering. In early May of the following year, the wintering eggs begin to hatch, and the adults become active between July and August. By late August, the adults start laying eggs, continuing the cycle.
For control measures, it is recommended to follow practices used for managing rice blast, such as integrated pest management strategies, cultural controls, and targeted pesticide application when necessary. Monitoring populations and applying timely interventions can help minimize crop damage caused by this pest.
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