Oxya agavisa Tsai, belonging to the order Orthoptera and subfamily Acridoidea, is a grasshopper species endemic to China. It is primarily distributed in regions south of the Yangtze River basin, including Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, as well as the eastern coastal areas and extending westward to Gansu and Sichuan. This species is known for its distinct ecological role and unique morphological features.
The main host plants of Oxya agavisa are rice and bamboo. The nymphs feed on the leaves, often consuming them entirely, leaving only the central veins. This feeding behavior can cause significant damage to crops, especially in agricultural areas where rice and bamboo are cultivated.
Morphologically, male adults measure 21–24 mm in body length, while females range from 25–29 mm. The forewings of males are 13–16 mm long, and those of females are 17–20 mm. The body is short and thick, typically green or yellow-green, with a prominent dark brown stripe behind the eyes that extends forward along the back of the thoracic plate. Female forewings have green veins in the hip area, with a brownish color elsewhere. The hind femur is either yellow-green or black at the knee, with the posterior side being green. The antennae are filamentous and longer than the posterior edge of the prothorax. The lateral edges of the prothoracic plate are parallel, and the engraved points on the back plate are slightly thickened. The forewings are shorter and reach up to the knees of the hind legs.
In males, the anal plate is triangular, wider than it is long, with shallow lateral grooves near the base. The upper edge of the anal plate is straight, and the tail is tapered, flat at the top and slightly concave in the center. The lower reproductive plate has a blunt tip and tapers slightly. In females, the front edge of the forelimb has a weak spine, and there are sharp teeth in the back and bottom corners of the third and fourth abdominal segments. The fourth segment is large, and the ovipositor flap has unevenly sized blunt teeth. The inner edge of the flap has one large tooth, and the end of the lower reproductive plate has two thick lateral ridges. The middle part of the posterior edge of the lower reproductive plate protrudes, with the top two teeth close together, each side of the triangle having one tooth.
In terms of life habits, Oxya agavisa completes one generation per year in Henan province, with eggs overwintering through the cold season. The wintering eggs begin to hatch in early May of the following year. Adults become active between July and August, and by late August, they start laying eggs.
For control measures, similar methods used against rice blast disease in China can be applied, such as cultural practices, biological control, and chemical interventions when necessary. Monitoring populations and understanding their life cycle are essential for effective management of this pest in agricultural settings.
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