Paddy field double-season cultivation techniques

The double-season cultivation technology of paddy field lotus roots has enabled Tianchao's production to break through the traditional mode of cooking in 1 year and 1 quarter, and has achieved continuous cultivation in the spring and summer. Tian Wei's double-season continuous cultivation has effectively extended the market for lotus roots, combined with traditional single-season rice hoe fields and pond pods, can basically achieve the annual listing of lotus roots. Among them, the spring hoe can be harvested and listed on the market in early May (house cultivation), and the plentiful period is June (open field cultivation), which fills the gap in the market with no fresh oysters supply during the period; Xiayi can make full use of the low economic value. The small size of spring pots for the production of low production costs, and in mid-August and late can begin to harvest Nen. It is a good autumn vegetable. The implementation of double-season cultivation can greatly increase the economic benefits of Tian Lu production. Summarize the main techniques of Tianqi double-season cultivation.

1. Premature cultivation techniques of spring eel The eel season is an important prerequisite for realizing the double-season cultivation of the field eel. The results of the tests and surveys showed that the growth of stolons of the local summer borer basically stopped at the end of September, and a certain amount of economic output would have to be formed before, at least about 80 days of growth period (cumulative >13°C effective accumulated temperature of 1160°C or so). Spring must be harvested before July 10th and planted in summer. The early spring cultivation technique is the core of Tianqi double-season cultivation, and it is also an integrated technology. Compared with Tianqi single-season cultivation, its main points can be summarized as “six changes and one strengthening”.
1.1 The frost-free period for high-quality and early-maturing varieties was about 240 days. In natural conditions, although mid- and late-maturing varieties had high yields, they had a long growing period and could not meet the seasonal requirements for double-season cultivation. To implement double-season cultivation, early maturing varieties (such as Elian No. 1) with high yield, high quality, disease resistance, and easy access to mud should be selected. This province can use local varieties Yiwu Donghe early scorpion, this species has less flowers, early pods, and the main glutinous than the major, the appearance of good commodity, good taste, and the other plants are shorter, the average height of the leaves is only 83 cm, wind resistance Strong resistance to disease, easy to stabilize and high yield.
1.2 Changing topdressing for topdressing is a basic fertilizer, which is suitable for dressing topdressing. The spring season for early cultivation in our province has a short growth period of only about 80 days. Therefore, fertilizer should be based on basal fertilizer, accounting for about 70% of the total amount of fertilizer. About 30% of top dressing. Specific usage: Before the ploughing, apply organic manure 2000-2500 kg/mu. The surface fertilizer is applied to ammonium bicarbonate 30 kg/mu, calcium and magnesium, phosphate 50 to 75 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 10 kg/mu, and zinc sulfate 1.5 kg/mu (zinc-deficient land). The top dressing is generally divided into two times. The first time in the first leaf stage, the application of urea is 10 kg/mu; the second time before the lotus leaf is sealed, 45% of compound fertilizer is applied at 20 kg/mu. Lotus roots require large amounts of fertilizer, but over-application of chemical fertilizers can easily cause fertilizer damage, which seriously affects growth and yield.
1.3 Late planting, deep planting, early planting at the right time, shallow planting, single planting of the field pods before and after the general Ching Ming Festival. The axillary buds have been stretched 5 to 7 centimeters, and are easily touched during the transplanting process. Injured head. Tian Hao has strong cold resistance at the bud stage, timely planting at early stage, changing to the early stage of sprouting buds that can promote early precocious puberty. The next time the open cultivation of the central region of Zhejiang Province can be advanced to around March 20 (at this time the temperature has basically stabilized above 10 °C); small arch shed cultivation can be advanced to early March; greenhouse cultivation can be advanced to the end of February. The following generally used flat planting method: first dig a deep 5-7 cm, slightly longer than the dig type of mud ditch, and then the seedlings flat on the ditch, after the seedlings, the section slightly tilted, and then cover the soil fixed. Under this method, the seed coat is shallow and easy to excavate. For the paddy field where the soil layer is relatively thin, it is better to use the slanting cultivation method: the seedling head has a low tail height of about 20 meters inclined into the soil, the other with the flat planting method. Note that when the next species to prevent the top of the taro bud exposed soil, so as not to cause the main whip growth difficulties, affecting the early occurrence of lotus root.
1.4 Replanting the whole plant as the main planter and the planter planting the plant as the main planter and the planter as the planter is integrated with the planter, which may cause the unbalanced growth of the buds of the planting plant due to the dominant effect of the planthopper at the top of the plant. Irregular growth will affect the uniformity of stolons. The separation of the main and seedlings can form a competitive balance among the plants, and improve the uniformity and yield. According to experiments, in the case of the same number of species of planta var. capsularis (0.5 million cultivars per acre), cultivars were used as seeds for seedlings.
1.5 to dilute planting densely planted early-maturing lotus root has early seal line, early cicada growth characteristics. Appropriate increase of seed use and increase of planting density have obvious precocious effects, which is one of the important measures to increase the yield in the early stage. According to the results of different types of seedlings used for cultivation in the spring of 2002, three treatments of 500, 600 and 250 kg/mu were used. The average time for the large oysters to reach 0.6 kg was June 9 and June respectively. 14th and June 21st. The former treatment was 5 and 12 days earlier than the latter two treatments, respectively. The amount of spring pods cultivated in the local early season is generally 450 to 500 kg/mu, and the planting density is 1.4 meters and 0.8 to 1.0 meters.
1.6 Changed cultivation to cultivation The protective cultivation of lotus root is a warm crop. The local spring returned to warm temperatures and warming quickly. In order to save costs, tenants chose to use small sheds for cultivation. The shed width of the small arch shed is 1.1 to 1.2 meters. The shed is left with 25 to 30 centimeters of operating lanes. The sheds are suitable for north and south directions. 0.8 meters. The cultivation period and harvest period of the small arch shelter can be improved about 15 days earlier than the open cultivation. In the early period of management, the seal was dominant; after the first whip of the main whip was deployed, it should be open for ventilation on sunny days when the temperature exceeded 24°C; when the top film of the leaves was erected, the film should be removed in time to prevent burning of the seedlings; the end of April was completely Before unveiling the film, do a good job at the day and night.
1.7 Strengthen field management Strengthen water slurry management. Tian Lu is developed from rivers, rivers, lakes, ponds and deep-water lotus roots. Due to long-term growth in deep-water sludge, lotus roots are adapted to a relatively constant temperature environment. Rapid temperature changes are detrimental to their growth. Therefore, it is important to control the temperature with water. Technology can play the role of early precocity. The management of the water layer was shallow, shallow, deep and shallow. It was generally maintained at 3 to 5 centimeters in the early stage and gradually increased to 8 to 10 centimeters in the middle period, and was generally maintained at 4 to 6 centimeters in the later period. In case of special low (high) temperature weather during production, deep water protection must be provided. Timely eradication of aquatic plants such as pl Aquatic plants such as ping and sponge are not only shading and heat-insulating, affecting the rise of soil temperature in the earlier period, but also attracting oxygen and affecting the growth of lotus root, which should be extinguished promptly.

2, Xia Yu cultivation techniques
2.1 Timely digging of spring hoe, while digging while planting Summer è—• spring è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• è—• æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ æ­£ 1 In order to improve the quality and extend the summer season, it must be harvested in time. Different from the traditional methods of batch harvesting and harvesting, the harvesting and excavation of the spring broom is completed at one time, and then the whole field is planted again. Before the excavation, appropriate shallow field water, 15 kg/mu of urea, and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate were used. At the same time, the excavation, bordering, and field planting were carried out at the same time. The stems and leaves of spring broom were all pressed into the field for green manure. The planting density of summer alfalfa is about 6000 (branches) per mu.
2.2 The selection of larvae as a species of lotus root has more obvious dormancy, and the dormancy increases with the maturity of lotus root. For this reason, the young spring eel should be used as a seed, not only to overcome the dormancy problem of the eel, but also to raise seedlings earlier, and it can greatly reduce the production cost.
2.3 Protecting the seedlings with water in the summer and early summer. When the temperature is above 35°C, deep water should be used for protection to prevent sprouting and promote the early growth of seedlings.

3. The main diseases of the double-seagrass pests, worms, and grass-roots pests are spoilage, leaf blight, and leaf spot. Diseases mainly occurred in the summer and autumn high temperature seasons, and the main susceptibility period was the knot period of lotus roots. The implementation of double-season cultivation just avoided the peak period of disease, so the disease is very light, generally do not need to control.
The main insect pests of lotus root include lotus root tuber, leafhopper chironomid, and Spodoptera litura. The locusts mainly harm the shoots in the early spring shoots; the leafhoppers mainly feed on the leaves of the floating leaves of the seedlings of the spring broom; the Spodoptera littoralis feeds the leaves mainly in the summer and autumn. Influencing the growth and development of the field ridge and even the yield. Measures for agricultural control, biological control, and physical control shall be used as far as possible, and if necessary, the non-pollution pesticides shall be selected and comprehensively controlled.
Lotus root is a dicotyledonous plant. It also has the characteristics of a monocotyledonous plant and is very sensitive to many chemical herbicides. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly prevent rice herbicides from flowing into irrigation fields with irrigation water. Weeding in Putian is mainly based on manual excavation or grass cover control. The chemical weeding technology remains to be further explored.

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