In recent years, with the improvement of fertilizer and water conditions in wheat fields and the increase in population density in high-yielding fields, the incidence of wheat powdery mildew has been increasing year by year. After powdery mildew inoculated with wheat, plant respiration increased, transpiration increased, and photosynthetic efficiency decreased, which seriously affected the normal growth and development of wheat. Wheat leaf was early withering, tillering and earing rate decreased, 1000-grain weight decreased, resulting in reduced yield. According to the survey, wheat is endangered by powdery mildew, and severe plots can reduce production by 20% to 30%.
Symptoms: Wheat powdery mildew occurs mainly on the leaves and can also occur in the leaf sheaths, stems, and ears of the plants. Generally, there are more positive lesions on the leaf than on the back of the leaf, and the lower leaf has more disease than the upper leaf. The surface of the diseased layer was covered with a layer of white powdery mildew. The diseased part first appeared white filamentous mildew, gradually expanded and combined with each other, showing a long oval shape and a large mildew spot. When severe, it could cover most of the leaves, or even all, mildew. Layer thickness up to 2 mm, and gradually powdery. Later, the mold layer gradually turned from white to gray with black particles. The leaves turn yellow early and the curls die. Severely diseased plants often dwarf and cannot head.
The occurrence and development of wheat powdery mildew are closely related to meteorological conditions, breed resistance and cultivation and management. When the temperature is between 15 and 20°C and the relative humidity of the field is above 70%, the disease develops rapidly. Where the fog is heavy, the temperature rises seriously, and the humidity in the field is good for infection. Excessive application of fertilizer and water, wheat overgrowth, population density is too large, airtight, humidity in the field, young plants, low disease resistance, but also very prone to powdery mildew.
Control methods:
1. The selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective method.
2. Eliminating primary infestation sources, such as eradicating spontaneous wheat seedlings or fieldside grass weeds before sowing.
3. Reasonable fertilization and close planting, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be applied in a balanced manner, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be appropriately increased. The density should not be too large. Pay attention to the ventilation and light transmission in the field.
4. Chemical control.
The use of chemical control can receive a significant effect of stopping the spread of disease. The frequency and time of application can depend on the onset of disease, the severity of illness, and the type of agent. Usually from the jointing stage to the start of panicle to full ear start the drug, spray once every 7 to 10 days, spray a total of 2 or 3 times to receive good results. The types of drugs used include carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, and triadimenol.
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