"Early-Maturing Emerald Pear: High-Quality Cultivation Techniques
Published: January 5, 2006
Emerald pear, a new variety bred by the Department of Horticulture at Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and introduced by So Fortunate Water (Hangzhou New Century Green), has gained widespread popularity across multiple provinces in China due to its early maturity, superior quality, and high yield. This variety is known for its tender, juicy, and sweet flesh, small fruit size, and a soluble solids content exceeding 13%. It also features uniform fruit shape, good commercial value, and a fruit set rate over 75%, making it an ideal choice for commercial production.
To ensure optimal growth and productivity, several key cultivation techniques should be followed:
**1. Site Selection and Garden Preparation**
Cuiguan pears are adaptable to various soil types, including mountainous areas, plains, and tidal flats. However, sandy loam with deep soil and low groundwater levels is most suitable. Choose high-quality seedlings with a height above 1 meter and a trunk diameter over 1 cm. The main variety is Cuiguan, with brittle green as the pollinator, planted in a ratio of 4:1.
**2. Planting and Spacing**
Plant trees at a spacing of 4 meters by 2 meters, resulting in approximately 82 trees per mu (667 square meters). Dig planting holes measuring 80 cm x 80 cm, and mix 50 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer into the soil before planting. After planting, water thoroughly and cover the base with a 1m x 1m plastic film to retain moisture and protect young trees.
**3. Soil Management and Fertilization**
Annual deep plowing in autumn helps improve soil structure. Every three years, apply 50 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphorus fertilizer per tree. During the growing season, top-dress with urea in May, June, and August, and use foliar sprays for additional nutrition. After harvest, apply compound fertilizer at a rate of 1.0–1.5 kg per tree.
**4. Pruning and Training**
Cuiguan pears grow upright with strong vigor. Pruning focuses on maintaining an open, balanced canopy. In the early stages, keep the trunk height around 50 cm to promote dwarf growth. By mid-June, pull branches to a 70-degree angle, adjusting them to 60–70 degrees during winter pruning. This technique enhances light exposure, promotes flowering, and improves fruit quality.
**5. Fruit Thinning and Bagging**
Due to its high fruit set, thinning is essential to maintain quality and consistency. Thin fruits to 1–2 per cluster, spaced 15–20 cm apart. Use special double-layer bags from Taiwan to protect the fruit from pests and enhance appearance. Bagging not only improves color and texture but also reduces pesticide use and production costs.
**6. Integrated Pest Management**
Effective pest control is crucial for high-quality production. Apply lime sulfur before bud break, triadimefon to prevent rust, and fungicides and insecticides before bagging to manage black spot, aphids, and other pests. A final spray of carbendazim or omethoate before harvest helps extend shelf life.
By following these comprehensive techniques, growers can achieve early fruiting, high yields, and premium quality emerald pears.
Author: Gao Wenxiang, Horticultural Engineer, Western Fine Agricultural Research and Development Corporation"
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