Traditional pig breeding methods typically involve a long lactation period, with weaning usually occurring at 50 to 60 days of age. However, three-way crossbred piglets have distinct advantages—such as larger size, better adaptability, and stronger resistance to stress compared to two-way crossbreds. These characteristics lead to faster growth and increased milk consumption, which can result in an insufficient supply of maternal milk. Therefore, early weaning is often necessary for three-way crossbred piglets. The advancement of scientific swine farming techniques has also made early weaning more feasible and effective, helping improve feed efficiency, sow fertility, and overall piglet development.
First, determining the right time for early weaning is crucial. For three-way crossbred piglets, weaning is most suitable when they are between 28 to 35 days old and weigh around 6.5 to 8.0 kg. However, the exact timing should be adjusted based on environmental factors, health status, litter size, and feeding performance. Flexibility is key to ensuring successful weaning.
Second, the method of early weaning plays a significant role in reducing stress. A common approach involves encouraging free feeding from an early stage, gradually limiting sow-piglet contact one week before weaning, and increasing the number of feedings while reducing milk intake. Piglets are also given rest periods between feedings, allowing them to adjust from frequent nursing to less frequent or no nursing. This helps minimize weaning shock. When the time is right, sows and piglets are separated using the "reserving mothers and catching mothers" method, which reduces stress by limiting direct contact and is widely used due to its efficiency.
Third, comprehensive management practices are essential. Early training in feeding is important to help piglets develop chewing and digestive abilities. This includes introducing solid feed through forced feeding methods starting at 7 to 10 days of age. Feeding frequency is gradually increased, and clean water is always available. As piglets grow, their feeding schedule becomes more structured, with multiple small meals throughout the day.
Health management is another critical aspect. Diarrhea and edema disease are common post-weaning issues, so strict hygiene and preventive measures are necessary. Iron and selenium supplementation are also important to prevent deficiencies that could impact growth and survival. Additionally, proper watering, waste management, and feeding habits must be established early to ensure a smooth transition.
Finally, several precautions should be taken during weaning. Piglets should not be weaned if they are sick or undergoing deworming, as this adds unnecessary stress. Clean water must always be available to prevent dehydration and related health problems. Overfeeding and high-protein diets should be avoided to reduce the risk of digestive issues. Post-weaning, adding vitamin C and antibiotics like olaquindox or oxytetracycline can support immune function and promote healthy growth.
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