Traditional pig breeding methods typically involve a long lactation period, with weaning usually occurring between 50 to 60 days after birth. However, the offspring of three-way crossbred pigs tend to be larger and more resilient, showing better adaptability and resistance to stress compared to two-way crossbreds. These characteristics lead to faster growth and higher milk consumption, which can outpace the sow’s milk supply. As a result, early weaning is often necessary for three-way piglets. With the advancement of scientific swine farming techniques, early weaning has become more feasible and effective, improving feed efficiency, sow fertility, and overall piglet development.
First, determining the appropriate age and weight for early weaning is crucial. Three-way piglets are generally best weaned between 28 to 35 days of age, weighing between 6.5 to 8.0 kg. However, the exact timing should be adjusted based on factors like weather, health status, litter size, and feeding performance. Flexibility in decision-making ensures the best outcomes for both sows and piglets.
Second, an effective method for early weaning involves gradually reducing the sow-piglet contact one week before weaning. This includes increasing the number of feedings and limiting the frequency of suckling. Piglets are also encouraged to rest between meals, helping them adjust from frequent nursing to less frequent or no nursing. The separation process is done carefully, often using the “reserving mothers and catching mothers†technique, which minimizes stress by controlling interactions. This method is efficient, widely used, and helps streamline farm operations.
Third, several comprehensive measures support successful early weaning. First, early training is essential to help piglets get used to solid food. Starting at 7 to 10 days old, piglets are introduced to feed through forced feeding sessions, encouraging them to eat and drink. Second, timely feeding is critical—after 20 days, piglets need more nutrients, so they are fed multiple times a day, with emphasis on gradual dietary transitions. Third, maintaining piglet health is vital. Diarrhea and edema disease are common post-weaning issues, so strict hygiene, vaccination, and preventive treatments are necessary. Iron and selenium supplements are also important to prevent deficiencies that can harm growth and survival.
Finally, some key considerations must be followed. Weaning should not occur if piglets are sick, recently dewormed, or undergoing vaccinations, as this adds unnecessary stress. Clean water must always be available to avoid dehydration and related issues. Regular cleaning of pens and encouraging good habits like proper positioning for waste are essential. Overfeeding and high-protein diets should be avoided to prevent digestive problems. Lastly, adding vitamin C and antibiotics like olaquindox or oxytetracycline after weaning can help protect against infections and support recovery.
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