The rose is a deciduous shrub of Rosaceae. It is a traditional ornamental flower in China and its color is bright. The beautiful flower posture, rich aroma, is known as a symbol of friendship and love. In addition, roses contain 18 kinds of amino acids and various trace elements required by the human body. With through the blood, beauty and other effects. Domestic and foreign medical experts have shown that roses have special effects on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, roses have the power of medicated foods and are treasures in food.
In recent years, the development of edible roses in China has been very rapid. With the increase in demand for edible roses, the cultivation area will further expand.
1. Rose's requirements for environmental conditions. Rose Hi light, need at least 6-8 hours of direct light every day. Some varieties are sensitive to light. When the light is insufficient, they grow weak, have little flowering, and even do not bloom. Therefore, in the cultivation as far as possible to choose a good place to meet the growth and development of roses. In bright summer conditions, the branches of the roses become shorter, and the epidermis becomes harder. In particular, varieties such as purple roses, Pingyin No. 1 and No. 3 will undergo browning or deformed flowers. In order to increase the yield of flower buds or flowers, shades may be appropriately shaded. Rose hi warm and humid environmental conditions, most species growth temperature is 15-18 °C night temperature. A temperature of 23-25 ​​°C, the relative humidity of the environment is not higher than 80%. Some varieties grow well at 21-23°C. If the night temperature is lower than 6 °C, it will seriously affect the growth and flowering. The rose is loose, fertile, rich in organic matter, well-drained soil, avoiding soil compaction and poor drainage, and can grow in ph6.5-7.5 soils.
2, species selection
(1) double rose: the traditional rose. The plant stands upright and is about 2 meters high. The flowers are solitary or clustered. The aroma is rich, the flower color is light purple, and the complex flap is 4 to 5 layers. The flower diameter is about 8 cm and the flowering period is from early May to early June. It is the masses cultivated varieties, but the plant resistance is poor, easy to get rust.
(2) Purple Rose: Also known as the Four Seasons Rose. Plants erect and open, plant height of nearly 2 meters, a range of 1-1.2 meters; flowers solitary, double valve, light purple color, large flowers, diameter of about 9 cm. The beginning of the flowering period at the end of April, full flowering period from early May to mid-June, and continued to bloom until mid-October. Plants have strong resistance to rust and high yields.
(3) Pingyin No. 1: The plant form erect and open. The plant height is about 1-1.2 meters. The flowers are solitary or clustered at the top of the current year's shoots. The flowers are double petals, light purple, and are Chiba type. The flower diameter is about 8 cm. The first flowering period lasts from the end of April to the beginning of June and continues to bloom until mid-October. The plant has strong resistance, high yield, fresh weight production of 400-500 kg/mu and strong fruiting capacity. Natural budding rate is less than 5% -8%, is currently a large area to promote the fine varieties.
(4) Pingyin No. 3: The plant has a compact shape and has a complex flap. Flower diameter of about 8 cm, light purple color. The flowering period is high at the end of April and the end of May.
Other varieties include Bulgarian Rose, Soviet Perfume No. 1-4, Kushui Rose, Flower Rose and Beijing White Rose.
3. Propagation of breeding rose mainly by grafting. The rootstock used is wild rose, pink rose or thornless dog rose. It is best to use the thornless dog rose. Rootstocks are sown or sown, and sown in mid-March to early April. Cuttings are carried out from mid-November to early-December and can be applied after 2 years. Grafting is carried out during the growing season, usually in mid-March or mid-July to mid-September. The bark of the rootstock is easily peeled off, the operation is convenient, and the survival rate is high. When grafting, vertical incisions are made on the rootstock first, then horizontal incisions are made to form t-shapes, and then the scutum-shaped buds are cut into the incisions on the scion, and then bundled and positioned. After the scion survives, cut the upper part of the incision. After 3-5 months, you can grow seedlings.
In addition to grafting and reproduction, cuttings can be used for breeding. However, the roots of cuttings were not prosperous and their life span was short.
4, cultivation and management
(1) Selecting the land for construction: The mountainous area should make full use of the mantle and the slope of the soil. This will not only increase economic returns, but also help soil conservation and prevent soil erosion. Plains should be built into a special rose garden. However, regardless of mountainous areas and plains, avoid planting on viscous water.
(2) Soil treatment: soil disinfection before planting is mainly based on steam sterilization, and chloropicrin fumigation can be used when there is no condition. After chlorpyrifos fumigation, deep plowing should be repeated several times to avoid the development of plant roots. Then it is applied to farmyard fertilizers for ploughing. The plain is 200 centimeters wide with a width of 15-20 centimeters.
(3) Colonization: Planting spacing 2 - 2.5 meters. Plant spacing of 1-1.5 meters, the plain can be appropriately increased spacing. Dig wells for planting (60 centimeters long, wide and deep) and put them in seedlings.
(4) Fertilization: Fertilization can be divided into 2 times. One time at the end of autumn, in combination with deep turning, 3000-3300 kilograms of farmyard manure was applied per acre; another time after anthesis, combined with loose soil, 5-25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or other compound fertilizer was applied per acre.
(5) Pruning: Roses have a strong sprouting power. If they are not pruned in time, they often cause branches to grow thin and die. Pruning should be based on plant age, growth status, fertilizer and water management conditions, to adopt the principle of sparse cutting, supplemented by the principle of short cuts, to reach the old branches of old plants, branches are not dense, air and light. Old branches older than 5 years should be removed in time to support the growth of new branches. For a rose that has lost its ability to blossom, it can be recut and promote new branches.
(6) Pest control: The main diseases of roses are rust, powdery mildew, and brown spot. Prevention and treatment of rust can be removed from the buds. Spraying Triadimefon, Trichoderma, or Chlorothalonil once every two weeks before the onset of rust, powdery mildew, and brown spot, and has good effect on preventing the spread of disease. The main pests of roses are scarabs, big moths, red spiders, aphids, scale insects, and long-horned cows. The beetles and big moths mainly harm the shoots and leaves of roses. They can be sprayed with phoxim and killed by the enemy during the occurrence period. The spider mites, aphids, and scale insects mainly use rose sap to cause a weak growth and can be sprayed with dimethoate and acne. Phosphorus and other systemic insecticides are used to prevent and control; Natural calf is a devastating pest that should kill its adult and remove its nutrient-absorbing nectar plants to inhibit its occurrence.
(7) Harvest: Rose harvest time is different, and there is a big difference in yield and quality. Usually rose buds should be harvested before opening, ie when the buds are 3 times longer than the calyx, harvesting is best, premature yields are reduced, and flowers have been opened late to affect quality. During the flowering period, a robust and full bud was selected. Other fine buds were left to pick up the petals when they were completely open. Sporadic flowers that were open at other times were still open until the petals were picked.
5. Post-harvest processing and storage The preservation of roses is often based on harvesting. If the buds are harvested, they must be dried and dried. The temperature should not exceed 80%. Steam should be evenly distributed. When dried to flower buds, the petals can be rubbed with fingers to form flakes. Dried buds can enter the market. . If it is a petal, you can first mix fresh rose petals and sugar (preferably brown sugar) in a 1:1 ratio, rub it repeatedly until the petals break, and then put it in a container. Dry in the sun for 2-3 days, then seal it. The prepared rose sauce can be stored for several years, and this rose sauce can be used to make a variety of sweets at any time.
In recent years, the development of edible roses in China has been very rapid. With the increase in demand for edible roses, the cultivation area will further expand.
1. Rose's requirements for environmental conditions. Rose Hi light, need at least 6-8 hours of direct light every day. Some varieties are sensitive to light. When the light is insufficient, they grow weak, have little flowering, and even do not bloom. Therefore, in the cultivation as far as possible to choose a good place to meet the growth and development of roses. In bright summer conditions, the branches of the roses become shorter, and the epidermis becomes harder. In particular, varieties such as purple roses, Pingyin No. 1 and No. 3 will undergo browning or deformed flowers. In order to increase the yield of flower buds or flowers, shades may be appropriately shaded. Rose hi warm and humid environmental conditions, most species growth temperature is 15-18 °C night temperature. A temperature of 23-25 ​​°C, the relative humidity of the environment is not higher than 80%. Some varieties grow well at 21-23°C. If the night temperature is lower than 6 °C, it will seriously affect the growth and flowering. The rose is loose, fertile, rich in organic matter, well-drained soil, avoiding soil compaction and poor drainage, and can grow in ph6.5-7.5 soils.
2, species selection
(1) double rose: the traditional rose. The plant stands upright and is about 2 meters high. The flowers are solitary or clustered. The aroma is rich, the flower color is light purple, and the complex flap is 4 to 5 layers. The flower diameter is about 8 cm and the flowering period is from early May to early June. It is the masses cultivated varieties, but the plant resistance is poor, easy to get rust.
(2) Purple Rose: Also known as the Four Seasons Rose. Plants erect and open, plant height of nearly 2 meters, a range of 1-1.2 meters; flowers solitary, double valve, light purple color, large flowers, diameter of about 9 cm. The beginning of the flowering period at the end of April, full flowering period from early May to mid-June, and continued to bloom until mid-October. Plants have strong resistance to rust and high yields.
(3) Pingyin No. 1: The plant form erect and open. The plant height is about 1-1.2 meters. The flowers are solitary or clustered at the top of the current year's shoots. The flowers are double petals, light purple, and are Chiba type. The flower diameter is about 8 cm. The first flowering period lasts from the end of April to the beginning of June and continues to bloom until mid-October. The plant has strong resistance, high yield, fresh weight production of 400-500 kg/mu and strong fruiting capacity. Natural budding rate is less than 5% -8%, is currently a large area to promote the fine varieties.
(4) Pingyin No. 3: The plant has a compact shape and has a complex flap. Flower diameter of about 8 cm, light purple color. The flowering period is high at the end of April and the end of May.
Other varieties include Bulgarian Rose, Soviet Perfume No. 1-4, Kushui Rose, Flower Rose and Beijing White Rose.
3. Propagation of breeding rose mainly by grafting. The rootstock used is wild rose, pink rose or thornless dog rose. It is best to use the thornless dog rose. Rootstocks are sown or sown, and sown in mid-March to early April. Cuttings are carried out from mid-November to early-December and can be applied after 2 years. Grafting is carried out during the growing season, usually in mid-March or mid-July to mid-September. The bark of the rootstock is easily peeled off, the operation is convenient, and the survival rate is high. When grafting, vertical incisions are made on the rootstock first, then horizontal incisions are made to form t-shapes, and then the scutum-shaped buds are cut into the incisions on the scion, and then bundled and positioned. After the scion survives, cut the upper part of the incision. After 3-5 months, you can grow seedlings.
In addition to grafting and reproduction, cuttings can be used for breeding. However, the roots of cuttings were not prosperous and their life span was short.
4, cultivation and management
(1) Selecting the land for construction: The mountainous area should make full use of the mantle and the slope of the soil. This will not only increase economic returns, but also help soil conservation and prevent soil erosion. Plains should be built into a special rose garden. However, regardless of mountainous areas and plains, avoid planting on viscous water.
(2) Soil treatment: soil disinfection before planting is mainly based on steam sterilization, and chloropicrin fumigation can be used when there is no condition. After chlorpyrifos fumigation, deep plowing should be repeated several times to avoid the development of plant roots. Then it is applied to farmyard fertilizers for ploughing. The plain is 200 centimeters wide with a width of 15-20 centimeters.
(3) Colonization: Planting spacing 2 - 2.5 meters. Plant spacing of 1-1.5 meters, the plain can be appropriately increased spacing. Dig wells for planting (60 centimeters long, wide and deep) and put them in seedlings.
(4) Fertilization: Fertilization can be divided into 2 times. One time at the end of autumn, in combination with deep turning, 3000-3300 kilograms of farmyard manure was applied per acre; another time after anthesis, combined with loose soil, 5-25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or other compound fertilizer was applied per acre.
(5) Pruning: Roses have a strong sprouting power. If they are not pruned in time, they often cause branches to grow thin and die. Pruning should be based on plant age, growth status, fertilizer and water management conditions, to adopt the principle of sparse cutting, supplemented by the principle of short cuts, to reach the old branches of old plants, branches are not dense, air and light. Old branches older than 5 years should be removed in time to support the growth of new branches. For a rose that has lost its ability to blossom, it can be recut and promote new branches.
(6) Pest control: The main diseases of roses are rust, powdery mildew, and brown spot. Prevention and treatment of rust can be removed from the buds. Spraying Triadimefon, Trichoderma, or Chlorothalonil once every two weeks before the onset of rust, powdery mildew, and brown spot, and has good effect on preventing the spread of disease. The main pests of roses are scarabs, big moths, red spiders, aphids, scale insects, and long-horned cows. The beetles and big moths mainly harm the shoots and leaves of roses. They can be sprayed with phoxim and killed by the enemy during the occurrence period. The spider mites, aphids, and scale insects mainly use rose sap to cause a weak growth and can be sprayed with dimethoate and acne. Phosphorus and other systemic insecticides are used to prevent and control; Natural calf is a devastating pest that should kill its adult and remove its nutrient-absorbing nectar plants to inhibit its occurrence.
(7) Harvest: Rose harvest time is different, and there is a big difference in yield and quality. Usually rose buds should be harvested before opening, ie when the buds are 3 times longer than the calyx, harvesting is best, premature yields are reduced, and flowers have been opened late to affect quality. During the flowering period, a robust and full bud was selected. Other fine buds were left to pick up the petals when they were completely open. Sporadic flowers that were open at other times were still open until the petals were picked.
5. Post-harvest processing and storage The preservation of roses is often based on harvesting. If the buds are harvested, they must be dried and dried. The temperature should not exceed 80%. Steam should be evenly distributed. When dried to flower buds, the petals can be rubbed with fingers to form flakes. Dried buds can enter the market. . If it is a petal, you can first mix fresh rose petals and sugar (preferably brown sugar) in a 1:1 ratio, rub it repeatedly until the petals break, and then put it in a container. Dry in the sun for 2-3 days, then seal it. The prepared rose sauce can be stored for several years, and this rose sauce can be used to make a variety of sweets at any time.
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