Spinach is a cool-season crop that struggles in high temperatures and intense sunlight. Most common spinach varieties cannot thrive when temperatures exceed 25°C, making summer cultivation challenging. However, by implementing proper agricultural techniques, farmers can successfully grow spinach during the hot season, which leads to higher market value and better economic returns. Typically, spinach can be harvested around 35 days after sowing, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
For summer cultivation, heat-tolerant varieties such as K3 and K6 from the Netherlands are recommended. These varieties can withstand temperatures up to 30°C and yield between 1,500 to 2,000 kg per 667 square meters. Selecting the right seed is crucial for success in warmer climates.
To improve germination under high temperatures, a method called "well soaking" is used. When the temperature reaches 30°C, spinach seeds tend to germinate poorly. To overcome this, seeds are soaked in deep well water for 1–2 hours. Once fully hydrated, they are wrapped in a clean towel and hung in the well using a rope, about 1 meter above the water surface. The seeds should be rinsed twice daily—once in the morning and once in the evening. After 3–4 days, the seeds will begin to sprout and are ready for sowing.
Soil preparation plays a key role in successful spinach growth. Before planting, the soil should be thoroughly tilled and enriched with sufficient base fertilizer. Seeds are then sown in shallow furrows spaced 15 cm apart and planted 2 cm deep. Depending on whether you plant one or two seeds per spot, the spacing should be 5 cm or 10 cm, respectively. After sowing, the seeds are covered with 1.5–2 cm of soil and watered immediately. A heavy watering is done 8–10 days later, followed by 2–3 additional waterings based on weather conditions.
During the summer, protecting spinach from excessive sunlight and rain is essential. Since spinach is sensitive to both heat and light, shade nets or other cooling methods should be used to maintain optimal growing conditions.
Pest and disease control is also important. Summer spinach is vulnerable to downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, and viral infections. To manage downy mildew, apply 64% Oxychlooride of Copper at a dilution of 500 times. For anthracnose, use 50% Carbendazim at 700 times or 80% Mancozeb at 800 times. Leaf spot can be controlled with 36% Thiophanate Methyl Suspension diluted 500 times or 40% Polysulfide Suspension at 600 times. Viral diseases can be managed using a 1.5% solution of diseased plant extract diluted to 1,000 times. Regular monitoring and timely application of these treatments help ensure healthy and productive crops.
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