Spinach is a cool-season crop that struggles in high temperatures and intense sunlight. Most traditional spinach varieties cannot thrive when temperatures exceed 25°C, making summer cultivation challenging. However, by implementing appropriate agricultural techniques, it's possible to grow spinach during the hot season and achieve better economic returns. Typically, spinach can be harvested for market about 35 days after sowing.
When selecting varieties for summer planting, heat-tolerant options such as K3 and K6 from the Netherlands are recommended. These varieties can still grow well under temperatures around 30°C and yield between 1,500 to 2,000 kg per 667 square meters, making them ideal for summer production.
For seed germination, when temperatures rise to 30°C, regular germination becomes difficult. A method called "well germination" can be used to improve success rates. The process involves soaking the seeds in deep well water for 1 to 2 hours until they absorb enough moisture. Then, wrap the seeds in a clean towel and hang them in a well using a rope, keeping them about 1 meter above the water surface. Rinse them with water in the morning and evening each day. After 3 to 4 days, the seeds will begin to sprout and can then be sown.
Soil preparation is crucial for successful growth. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and till the soil thoroughly. Create shallow furrows spaced 15 cm apart and 2 cm deep. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows, spacing them 5 cm apart if using single seeds or 10 cm if using double seeds. Cover the seeds with 1.5 to 2 cm of soil and water immediately after sowing. About 8 to 10 days later, provide a heavy watering, followed by 2 to 3 additional irrigations depending on weather conditions.
Shade and rain protection are essential during the summer months since spinach is sensitive to both heat and direct sunlight. Using shade nets or other cooling methods can help maintain optimal growing conditions.
Pest and disease management is also important. Summer spinach is prone to diseases like downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, and viral infections. Downy mildew can be controlled using 64% Oxychlorex WP diluted at 500 times. Anthracnose can be treated with 50% Carbendazim WP at 700 times or 80% Mancozeb WP at 800 times. Leaf spot can be managed with 36% Thiophanate Methyl Suspension at 500 times or 40% Polysulfide Suspension at 600 times. For viral diseases, a solution of 1.5% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1,000 times is effective.
By following these steps, farmers can successfully grow spinach during the summer, ensuring good yields and profitability despite the challenging climate.
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