Tobacco requires a high level of moisture during its growth period, and drought stress can significantly impact both the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. China, as a country with limited water resources, faces uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water. In recent years, some tobacco-growing regions have experienced severe droughts, with increasing frequency, scope, and duration of these events, leading to greater losses. While constructing water conservation facilities can help alleviate drought issues, the cost is high, making full irrigation in tobacco fields unfeasible in the short term, especially in certain areas. Therefore, implementing agronomic measures to improve plant growth remains the most practical approach for meeting water demands.
Selecting appropriate varieties is crucial in drought-prone areas. Varieties such as Yunyan 87 and K346, known for their strong drought resistance, should be prioritized. However, local conditions must also be considered when choosing these varieties to ensure they are well-suited to the specific environment.
Soil management plays a vital role in drought-resistant tobacco cultivation. Overuse of inorganic fertilizers and improper farming practices have led to declining soil fertility and compaction. To address this, increasing the use of organic fertilizers while reducing inorganic ones can enhance soil structure, porosity, and water retention. Planting green manure crops and incorporating them into the soil at the right time has proven effective in improving soil health, as seen in some regions of Chongqing.
Proper land preparation is essential for improving soil conditions. This includes considering climate, soil type, and previous crops when preparing the land. Deep plowing, typically 20–30 cm, helps promote root development and nutrient absorption. In low-fertility soils, deeper plowing may be beneficial, while in higher-fertility soils, it should be done more carefully.
Strong seedlings are key to successful transplanting. These seedlings should be healthy, with developed root systems and balanced nutrient levels. Using floating seedlings with specific characteristics—such as 60–70 days of age, over 300 roots, and 7–9 leaves—can improve survival rates and drought resistance after transplanting.
Improving cultivation techniques under drought conditions involves optimizing planting times, using ridge planting methods, and applying mulch with plastic or straw. Mulching helps maintain soil moisture and temperature, enhancing overall plant performance. Fertilization techniques should focus on organic base fertilizers, timely application based on soil moisture, and proper depth of application.
Timely cultivation and tilling help loosen the soil, retain moisture, and support root growth. In drought-prone areas, early and frequent tilling can prevent moisture loss. Growth regulators like paclobutrazol and fulvic acid have shown promise in improving drought resistance by enhancing root activity and reducing transpiration. Proper use of these substances can significantly increase the resilience of tobacco plants under dry conditions.
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